This post is solely my opinion where I think, you could overcome this situation. However please do not consider this as a base, take a judgement of your own.

Click here for free Salesforce career eBook containing salary and other important information.

Why Salesforce

I would not say its only Salesforce but also its strong and diversified community. Thousands of professionals are there to help and guide globally. You would get a great platform to show your talent, hard work and involvement. Once you get an attention, many recruiters will approach you.

Sagar Pareek is shining example of what I am going to discuss. He got involved in Salesforce community during college days, travelled hundreds of miles to attend Salesforce developer group meet and author of two Salesforce books. He was also highlighted directly by Salesforce in one of their Webinar.

Also read below tweet from one of Salesforce community member on his experience

@jitendrazaa Couldn’t agree more. Of all the communities I’ve been part of, @Salesforce’s is by far the richest. @AgentGill @Chris_SFDC

— Jim Mitchell (@jimmitchell) January 7, 2016

If this is not sufficient then here another reason to consider. Cloud computing and its concepts are not only limited to Salesforce. You would be learning lots of about integration, considerations for mobile and web development, latest technology trend, JavaScript libraries which will help you to change career any time in future. Salesforce developers vacancies in MNC, perks and salaries are also very high.

What would it take

Not a single penny, in fact you may earn in process of getting job. Don’t worry, its not advertisement or I will not be getting paid directly or indirectly by anyone on suggestions.

All it takes is dedication, hard work and belief in your self. And more than everything , your “Patience”. Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. You might get frustrated that your friends are getting job and earning good salary. Believe on your self, keep searching jobs and try below game plan.

In my opinion, joining classes to learn Salesforce is not going to help you. Employers doesn’t give a damn about which courses you have completed, coaching classes “Certificate of Completion” are worthless.

Actual game plan

Get familiar with any OOP language and its concept (Preferably Java).

Learn HTML5, CSS and JavaScript basics and best resource is W3Schools.

Not mandatory, but it will give you some advantage by learning one of JavaScript framework like JQuery.

Trailhead

This product is reason, I said that we don’t need any paid training to understand basics of Salesforce. Trailhead is innovative platform from Salesforce, where user can learn about different modules at self pace. Why its different? At end of modules there are hands-on exercises which needs to be completed in your developer org and it will be validated by trailhead. If there is any error then will be displayed. Once you earn any badge, share it on twitter, your linked in profile and show your expertise. There are different trails (route) to learn Salesforce like Admin, Advance Admin, Developer etc…

Topcoder

Now, next step is to join “Topcoder” community. Topcoder community is one of known platform to work on Salesforce projects. Project will be posted in Topcoder and members can submit their solution. If your solution is selected then will be awarded by amount in dollars. Before winning your first project, you may need to compete for many projects without winning however you will be learning during that time.  Don’t think its hoax, read it yourself. My friend and Salesforce MVP Kartik is also very well known and winner of multiple submissions. I am not saying its piece of cake but not impossible. Your aim is not winning but learning.  Initially for freshers it is very tough but you can see code of other submitters and learn from them if you are not able to come up with solution.

Stackexchange, #Askforce, IRC, Community and Developer forum

Visit Stackexchange, Salesforce community and developer forum daily and try to answer questions. If you don’t know answer then learn from other’s answer. You would be amazed by speed and detail of answers by contributors. Its like getting premium support service free of cost.

If you can try to keep monitoring #askforce hashtag in twitter. You can help and get answer from here as well. There is IRC channel available as well if you want to use it.

Salesforce Developer and User groups

There are weekly, fortnightly and monthly meetings in User groups and Developer groups globally. Try to find nearest one and start collaborating and contributing if possible.

Motivation factor

Earning points and status by answering questions on developer forum, stack-exchange and completing trailhead badges you can measure yourself daily or weekly basis. More you work, more points, respect and visibility will be earned.

Certifications

Once you get enough experience and expertise in Salesforce, go for Salesforce Certifications. Start with Admin and then Developer certification.

Update Curriculum Vitae

Once you are known in community, put reference of your Stack exchange, developer forum. trailhead public profiles, developer or user group name where you are member and contributor.

Expected timeline

“There is no shortcut to success”. It’s not very easy but certainly good shot to try. If you already have a programming background then it would take around 7-8 months or 9-10 months without any prior programming knowledge.

What if this doesn’t work

“Knowledge is power”. You will still learn HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, OOP and that knowledge can be used in any other technology, job or even in website designings. Remember, “No Pain, No Gain”. You need to put all your efforts, to get a dreamjob.

Let me know your thoughts and experience !!!

UNIT 1
Distributed Databases:
Distributed Databases: What and Why? ; the Distributed Database Management Systems.

The Distributed Transparency – – the Reference Architecture for Distributed Databases, Data Fragmentation, Distributed Transparency for Read-Only and Applications, Distributed Database Access Primitives, Integrity Constraints in Distributed Databases.

UNIT 2:
Distributed Database Design:
Framework for Distributed Database Design, the Database Fragmentation Design, Allocation of Fragments. Translation of Global Queries to Fragment Queries
The Equivalence Transformation for Queries, Transforming Global Queries into Fragment Queries, Distributed Grouping and Aggregate Function Evaluation, Parametric Queries.

UNIT 3:
Optimization Of Access Strategies:
Framework for Query Optimization, Join Queries – – use of Semi-Join Programs for Join Queries, the SDD- l Algorithm, the AHY approach, Use of Join as Query Processing Tactic; General Queries – – Effect of Commuting Joins and Unions, Methods for the Optimization of General Queries. The Management of Distributed Transactions

The Framework for Transaction Management; Atomicity of Distributed Transactions; Concurrency Control for Distributed Transactions; Architectural Aspects of Distributed Transactions.

UNIT 4:
Concurrency Control Foundations of Distributed Concurrency Control; Distributed Deadlocks; Concurrency Control based on Timestamps; Optimistic Methods for Concurrency Control.Distributed Database AdministrationCatalog Management in Distributed Databases, Authorization and Protection.The System R * The Architecture of System R*; Compilation, Execution and Recompilation of Queries; Protocols for Data Definition and Authorization in R*, Transaction and Terminal Management.

UNIT 5:
The Object Oriented Databases Object Oriented Databases – What and Why? ; the Object Oriented Database Management Systems; Evolution of Object Oriented Concepts; Characteristics of an Object Oriented Data Model; Object Schema; Inter-object Relationships; Late and Early Binding; Similarities and differences between bject Oriented Database Models and other Data models.

Object Oriented DBMS Architectural Approaches The Extended Relational Model Approach; Semantic Database Approach; Object Oriented Programming Language Extension Approach; DBMS Generator Approach; the Object Definition Language and the Object Query Language.

UNIT 6:
The Object Oriented DBMS Architectures; Performance Issues in Object Oriented DBMS; Application Selection for Object Oriented DBMS; the Database Design for an Object Relational DBMS. The Structured Typed and ADTs; Extending the ER Model; Storage and Access Methods; Query Processing; Query Optimization; Design and Architecture of POSTGRES; Distributed Computing in CORBA and EJB.

(Practical Implementation in Oracle 8i or Oracle 9i covering both Distributed and Object Oriented Databases Features)

Textbooks:

• Distributed Databases – Principles and Systems; Stefano Ceri, Guiseppe Pelagatti; Tata McGraw Hill; 1985.
• Object Oriented Database Systems – Approaches and Architectures; C. S. R. Prabhu; Prentice Hall of India.
• Database Systems- Design, Implementation and Management; Peter Rob, Carlos Coronnel; Course Technology; 2000.

Reference:

• Principles of Distributed database systems by M.T. Ozsu/S. Sridhar, Pearson education
• Database Management Systems; Raghu RamaKrishnan, Johnaas Gehrke; Tata McGrawHill; 2000.
• Fundamentals of Database Systems – Third Edition; Elmasri, Navathe; Addison-Wesley;2002.
• Databases- Principles, Programming and Performance; Second Edition; Patrick O’Neil,
• Elizabeth O’Neil; Morgan Kaufmann; 2002.
• Oracle 8i – DBA Handbook; Loney, Koch; Tata McGraw Hill. 5. Oracle 9i – The Complete Reference; Tata McGraw Hill- Oracle Press; 2004.

88CS2: Computer System Security

UNIT 1
Introduction to the concepts of security : need, principles, Types of Attacks , Services , Mechanisms, A model for network security , Encryption model Classical encryption techniques: substitution techniques, Transposition techniques, Rotor Machines, Steganography.
Block ciphers : simplified DES , Block cipher principles , Data encryption standard , Strength of DES , Block cipher design principles , Block cipher mode of operation, Characteristics of advanced symmetric block ciphers.

UNIT 2
Confidentiality using symmetric Encryption : Placement of encryption function , Traffic confidentiality , Key distribution , Random number generation ,
Public key cryptography : Principles , RSA algorithm , Key management , Diffie-Hellman key exchange

UNIT 3
Message authentication & Hash functions : Authentication requirements , Functions , Codes , Hash functions , Security of hash function & MAC’s. Hash algorithms : MD5 message digest algorithm , Secure hash algorithm( SHA-I ) , Digital signatures and authentication protocols : Digital signatures , Authentication protocols , Digital signature standard.

UNIT 4
Networks security practice : Authentication applications – Kerberos, X.509 directory authentication service E-mail security : Pretty good privacy , S/MIME

UNIT 5
IP security : Overview , Architecture , Authentication header , Encapsulating security payload , Combining security associations , Key management. Web security : Web security considerations, Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction, SHTTP.

UNIT 6
Security systems : Intruders , Intrusion detection, viruses and related threats , Firewalls design principles , Trusted systems, Virtual private networks.

Text Books:

• Cryptography & Networks Security Principles & Practice( Pearson Education ) – William Stallings.
• Networks Security Essentials Applications & Standards( Pearson Education ) – William Stallings.
• Cryptography and Network Security by Atul Kahate, Tata Mc. Graw Hill

Reference Books:

• Introduction to Computer Security by Matt Bishop Pearson education
• Security in computing by Pfleeger & Pfleeger Pearson education

88CS3: Elective-III:- Natural Language Processing

Unit- 1
Introduction and requirement of NLP, Words and their distribution, PERL Tutorial, Corpus Processing.

Unit – 2
Language modeling and Smoothing, Part of speech tagging, Word sense disambiguation. Basic Search algorithms, Blind Graph Search algorithm, Search Space with FSM and CFG, Search space for Bi-grams and Uni-grams, Viterbi Beam Search.

Unit – 3
Classification and retrieval of information, Syntax parsing.

Unit – 4
Clustering Techniques, Machine Translation and Sentence alignment, Document Structure detection, Text normalization: Domain specific tags, Number formats.

Unit – 5
Methodologies of discourse analysis, Context Sensitive Speech conversion, Text Summarization techniques.

Unit – 6
Dialog and Question-Answering, Information Retrieval Vector Space Model – Latent semantic indexing, etc.Information Extraction

Text Books:

• “Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing” by Manning & Schí¼tze
• Natural Language understanding by James Allen, Pearson Education.
• “Speech and Language Processing” by Jurafsky & Martin

88CS3: Elective-III: Mobile Computing

UNIT-I
Introduction to wireless communication, wireless transmission, frequencies for radio transmission, signal prorogation, multiplexing, modulation, spread spectrum, introduction to cellular system.

UNIT-II
Medium access control : Motivation for a specialized MAC, SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, GSM : System architecture, protocols, localization and calling, handover.

UNIT-III
Satellite systems , Wireless LAN : IEEE 802.11

UNIT-IV
Wireless LAN : HIPERLAN, Bluetooth

UNIT-V
Mobile Network Layer : Mobile IP, dynamic host, configuration protocol, adhoc networks,. Mobile transport layer : Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP , Snoopy TCP,mobile TCP, Transaction oriented TCP.

UNIT-VI
Security Issues in Mobile Computing

TEXT BOOKS:

• Mobile Communication 2nd edition by Jochen Schiller, Pearson education
• Mobile Computing by Asoke Talukder, Roopa Yavagal (Tata McGraw Hill)

88CS3: Elective-III:- Soft Computing

UNIT-I
Learning and Soft Computing: Examples of Applications in Diverse Fields, Basic Tools of Soft Computing, Basic Mathematics of Soft Computing, Learning and Statistical Approaches to Regression and Classification.

UNIT-II
Single-Layer networks: The Perceptron, Adaline and the Least Mean Square Algorithm. Multilayer Perceptrons: The Error Backpropogation Algorithm, The Generalized Delta Rule, Heuristics or Practical Aspects of the Error Backpropogation Algorithm

UNIT-III
Radial Basis Function Networks: Ill Posed Problems and the Regularization Technique, Stabilizers and Basis Functions, Generalized Radial Basis Function Networks, Moving Centers Learning, Regularization with Nonradial Basis Functions, Orthogonal Least Squares, Optimal Subset Selection by Linear Programming.

UNIT-IV
Fuzzy Logic Systems: Basics of Fuzzy Logic Theory, Crisp and Fuzzy Sets, Basic Set Operations, Fuzzy Relations, Composition of Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy Inference, Zadeh’s Compositional Rule of Inference, Defuzzification, Mathematical Similarities between Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Models, Fuzzy Additive Models.

UNIT-V
Evolutionary Algorithms: Difficulties with Classical Optimization Algorithms, Genetic Algorithms, Evolution Strategies, Evolutionary Programming, Genetic Programming, Multi-Modal Function Optimization, Crowding Model, Sharing Function Model.

UNIT-VI
Non-Elitist Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms: Motivation for Finding Multiple Pareto-Optimal Solutions, Early Suggestions, Example Problems, Vector Evaluated Genetic Algorithm, Vector-Optimized Evolution Strategy, Weight-Based Genetic Algorithm, Random Weighted Genetic Algorithm, Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithm, non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, Niched-Pareto Genetic Algorithm, Predator-Prey Evolution Strategy, Other Methods. Suggestions for Assignments: Implementation of algorithms in “˜C/C++/MATLAB’.

Text Book:

• Learning and Soft Computing by Vojislav Kecman, Pearson education.
• Multi-Objective Optimization using Evolutionary Algorithms by Kalyanmoy Deb, WSE Willey

Reference Books:

• Artificial Neural Networks by Robert J. Schalkoff (McGraw Hill)

88CS3: Elective III:- Topics In Distributed Systems

UNIT-I
Motivation and goals, broad overview and advantages of distributed systems main characteristics : absence of global clock and state and possibility of large network delays. Issues in distributed systems such as transparency, scalability, security, resource management etc. theoretical foundation – Lamport’s clocks Chandy-Lamport Global State recording algorithm – termination detection.

UNIT-II
Distributed mutual exclusion – Lamport, Ricart – Agrawal non-token based algorithm – token based algorithms – comparative performance analysis.

UNIT-III
Distributed deadlock detection issues – central and distributed detection algorithm – agreement protocols – model of processor failures – Byzantine agreement and other problems – solutions and applications.

UNIT-IV
Distributed file systems – design issues – case studies with emphasis on NFS-distributed shared memory – coherence and coherence protocols – design issues and case studies.

UNIT-V
Distributed scheduling – issues, load distributing algorithms – load sharing policies and case studies – task migration and issues.

UNIT-VI
Recovery: introduction and basic concepts – backward and forward error recovery, checkpointing : synchronous and asynchronous – atomic actions and commit protocols – voting protocols – reliable communication – cryptography : private and public – implementation issues, RSA algorithm- authentication in distributed systems – Kerberos case study.

BOOKS:

• Advanced concepts in Operating Systems – Singhal and Shivratri; McGraw Hill
• Distributed Systems – George Colouris, Pearson Education.

Reference books:

• Modern Operating Systems – Tanenbaum, Pearson Education
• Distributed systems: Principles and Paradigms, A. S. Tanenbaum, Paerson Education.

88CS4 : ELECTIVE –IV: Data Warehousing and Mining

UNIT – I
The Compelling Need for data warehousing: Escalating Need for strategic information, failures of Past decision -support systems, operational versus decision-support systems, data warehousing – the only viable solution, data warehouse defined

UNIT-II
Data warehouse – The building Blocks: Defining Features, data warehouses and data marts, overview of the components, metadata in the data warehouse Defining the business requirements: Dimensional analysis, information packages – a new concept, requirements gathering methods, requirements definition: scope and content

UNIT – III
Principles of dimensional modeling: Objectives, From Requirements to data design, the STAR schema, STAR Schema Keys, Advantages of the STAR Schema Dimensional Modeling: Updates to the Dimension tables, miscellaneous dimensions, the snowflake schema, aggregate fact tables, families of STARS

UNIT – IV
OLAP in the Data Warehouse:
Demand for Online analytical processing, need for multidimensional analysis, fast access and powerful calculations, limitations of other analysis methods, OLAP is the answer, OLAP definitions and rules

UNIT-V
OLAP characteristics, major features and functions, general features, dimensional analysis, what are hypercubes? Drill-down and roll-up, slice-and-dice or rotation, OLAP models, overview of variations, the MOLAP model, the ROLAP model, ROLAP versus MOLAP, OLAP implementation considerations, Introduction to OLTP.

UNIT – VI
Data Mining Basics: What is Data Mining, Data Mining Defined, The knowledge discovery process, OLAP versus data mining, data mining and the data warehouse, Major Data Mining Techniques, Cluster detection, decision trees, memory-based reasoning, link analysis, neural networks, genetic algorithms, moving into data mining, Data Mining Applications, Benefits of data mining, applications in retail industry, applications in telecommunications industry, applications in banking and finance.

TEXT BOOKS:

• Data Mining and Data Warehousing and OLAP –Alex Berson and Smith (McGraw Gill Pub)

REFERENCES BOOKS:

• W. H. Inmon, “Building the operational data store”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley, 1999.
• Kamber and Han, “Data Mining Concepts and Techniques”, Hartcourt India P. Ltd. 2001 3.Paul Raj Poonia, “Fundamentals of Dat Warehousing”, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
• Sam Anthony, “Data Warehousing in the real world: A practical guide for building decision support systems”, John Wiley, 2004

88CS4: ELECTIVE-IV :- Grid Computing

UNIT – I
Overview. Focuses on grid computing as emerging new computing paradigm for solving complex collaborative problems that require massive resources and infinite CPU cycle. The topics included: Definition of Grid; Basic Building Blocks; Issues in Management of Grid Models; Evolution of Grid Models.

UNIT – II
Architecture. Deals with grid architecture providing an anatomical look into fundamental system components and their functionalities as well as interactions. Topics: Requirements concerning abstractions, behaviors, resources, connectivity and protocols; Open grid service architectures.

UNIT – III
Environment. Talks about grid computing environments. Topics : Overview of GCE; Programming models; Middleware for building grid computing environments; Language support (MPI-G, MPI-G2, etc) for grid computing; Meta models for grid programming; Security

UNIT – IV
Applications Delas with case studies, how the global computing infrastructure has become a reality for collaborative complex data intensive computing aid for federated database services, web services, bioinformatics. It will also include among others some selection of topics from Seti project, Sun grid engine Sky server and some national grid projects.

UNIT – V
Monitoring and evaluation It will include following: Monitoring; Scheduling; Performance tuning; Debugging and performance diagnostic issues;

UNIT – VI
Computational geometry, geometric preliminaries, models of computation

Text Books:

• Grid Computing: A research monograph: D. Janakiram, Tata McGrawhill Publication.
• The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure (2nd edition) by Ian Foster (Editor), Carl Kesselman (Editor) Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann; 2nd edition (November 2003) ISBN: 1-558-60933-4.
• Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality by Francine Berman (Editor), Geoffrey Fox (Editor), Tony Hey (Editor) Publisher: John Wiley & Sons; (April 8, 2003) ISBN: 0-470-85319-0.
• Grid Resource Management: State of the Art and Future Trends by Jarek Nabrzyski (Editor), Jennifer M. Schopf (Editor), Jon Weglarz (Editor) Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers; (September 2003) ISBN: 1-402-07575-8.

88CS4: Elective-IV:- Digital Image Processing

UNIT-I
Introduction: Introduction, Fundamental steps in Image Processing, Elements of DIP systems, Element of visual perception.
Fundamentals of Image Processing: A Simple Image Model, Sampling and Quantization, Some Basic Relationships between Pixels, Image Geometry in 2D.

UNIT-II
Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain: Introduction to Spatial and Frequency Methods, Basic Gray Level Transformations, Histogram Equalization, Histogram Processing, Local Enhancement, Image Subtraction, Image Averaging, Basics of Spatial Filtering, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters.

UNIT-III
Transforms:- Introduction to Fourier Transformation, Discrete Fourier Transformation, Fast Fourier Transformation, Fourier Properties, 2D FT, Inverse Fourier Transform.

UNIT-IV
Image Enhancement in the Frequency Domain: Filtering in the Frequency Domain, Correspondence between Filtering in Spatial and Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters, Homomorphic Filtering, Implementation. Introduction to Color Image Processing: RGB and HIS color Models.

UNIT-V
Image Segmentation: Point Detection, Line Detection, Edge Detection, Gradient Operator, Edge Linking and Boundary Detection, Thresholding, Region-oriented Segmentation.

UNIT-VI
Representation: Chain Codes, Polygonal Approximations, Signatures, Boundary Segments, Skeleton of a Region. Description: Boundary Descriptors, Shape Numbers, Fourier Descriptors, Regional Descriptors, Simple Descriptors, Topological Descriptors.
Suggestions for Assignments: Implementation of Image Processing algorithms in “˜C/C++/MATLAB’.

Text Book:

• Rafel C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing “, 2nd Edition, Pearson education

Reference Books:

• K. Jain,” Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Pearson education.
• W. K. Pratt,” Digital Image Processing”,3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

88CS4: ELECTIVE-IV:- Embedded Systems

UNIT I
AN INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
An Embedded system processor in the system. other hardware units, software embedded into a system. exemplary embedded systems, embedded system – on- chip (SOC) and in VLSI circuit. Processor and memory organization – Structural Units in a Processor. Processor selection for an embedded system, memory devices. memory selection for an embedded systems, allocation of memory to program cache and memory management links segments and blocks and memory map of a system, DMA. Interfacing processors, memories and Input Output Devices.

UNIT II
DEVICES AND BUSES FOR DEVICE NETWORKS
1/0 devices timer and colmting devices. serial communication using the “12 C’ CAN. profibus foundation field bus. and advanced I/O buses between the network multiple devices. host systems or computer parallel communication between the networked 1/0 multiple devices using the ISA. PCL PCI-X and advanced buses.

UNIT III
DEVICE DRIVERS AND INTERRUPTS SERVICING MECHANISM Device drivers, parallel port and serial port device drivers in a system, device drivers for internal programmable timing devices, interrupt servicing mechanism.

UNIT IV
PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C, C++, VC++,AND JAVA
Interprocess communication and synchronization of processes, task and threads. multiple processes in an application. problem of sharing data by multiple tasks and routines, interprocess communication.

UNIT V
HARDWARE – software co-design in an embedded system, embedded system project management. embedded system design and co- design issues in system development process, design cycle in the development phase for an embedded system, use of target systems, use of software tools for development of an embedded system, use of scopes and logic analysis for system. hardware tests. Issues in embedded system design.

Text Book:

• Embedded systems: Architecture, programming and design by Rajkamal, TMH

Reference Books:

• Embedded system design by Arnold S Burger. CMP
• An embedded software primer by David Simon. PEA

Unit I:

Introduction and Overview. Comparison of OSI Model and TCP/IP model. Networking Technologies: LANS, WANS, Connecting Devices. Internetworking concept and Architectural model. Internet Backbones, NAP, ISP’s, RFC’s, Internet Standards.

Unit II:

Internet Addresses: IP address classes, subnet mask, CIDR, ARP,RARP, Internet Protocol, Routing IP Datagrams, ICMP and IGMP.

Unit III:

UDP, TCP, Sockets and socket Programming, Routing in Internet, Routing protocols- RIP, OSPF and BGP. Introduction to Multicasting and Multicast routing.

Unit IV:

Host Configuration: BOOTP, DHCP; Services: Domain Name System, FTP, TFTP and Electronic Mail: SMTP, MIME, IMAP, POP.

Unit V:

Network Management: SNMP, WWW: HTTP, Mobile IP. Multimedia : RTP, RTCP.

Unit VI:

Middlewares : RPC, RMI. Introduction to IPv6 and ICMPv6, Internet Security:IPSec, PGP, Firewalls, SSL.

Books:

• Internetworking and TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols and Architectures, Douglas Comer, Pearson Education.
• TCP/IP Protocol suite, Behrouz A. Forouzan, Third Edition, TMH.
• Computer Networking – A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Pearson Education, Asia.
• Computer Networks: A systems approach by Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

Reference Book:

• Stevens W. R. TCP/IP Illustrated, volume 1,2,3, Pearson education.

Book For Practical:

• “Hands-On Networking with Internet Technologies” by Douglas E. Comer, Pearson Education, Asia, 2002.

77CS2: Language Processors

UNIT-I

Introduction to Compilers: Compilers and translators, Phases of compiler design, cross compiler, Bootstrapping, Design of Lexical analyzer, LEX.

UNIT-II

Syntax Analysis: Specification of syntax of programming languages using CFG, Top-down parser, design of LL (1) parser, bottom up parsing technique, LR parsing algorithm, Design of SLR, LALR, CLR parsers.

UNIT-III

Syntax directed translation: Study of syntax directed definitions & syntax directed translation schemes, implementation of SDTS, intermediate notations: postfix, syntax tree, TAC, translation of expression, controls structures, declarations, procedure calls, Array reference.

UNIT-IV

Storage allocation & Error Handling: Run time storage administration, stack allocation, symbol table management, Error detection and recovery: lexical, syntactic, semantic.

UNIT-V

Code optimization: Important code optimization techniques, loop optimization, control flow analysis, data flow analysis, Loop invariant computation, Induction variable removal, Elimination of Common sub expression.

UNIT-VI

Code generation – Problems in code generation, Simple code generator, Register allocation and assignment, Code generation from DAG, Peephole optimization.

Text Books:

• Compilers: Principles Techniques and Tools 1st edition by A. V. Aho, Sethi, Ullman, Pearson education.
• Principal of Compiler Design – Alfred V. Aho & Jeffery D. Ullman , Narosa Pub. House.

77CS3: Elective I :- Digital Signal Processing

UNIT””I

Basic elements of a Digital Signal Processing system, Classification of signals, Concept of frequency in Continous-time and discrete-time signals, Sampling theorem, Quantization of continous-amplitude signals, quantization of sinusoidal signals. Discrete-time signals, Discrete-time systems, Analysis of discrete-time LTI systems, Correlation of discrete-time signals.

UNIT””II

The Z-transform, Properties, Rational Z-transforms, The inverse Z-transform by Contour Integration, Power series expansion, Partial-fraction expansion, Decomposition of rational Z-transforms, One sided Z-transform, Properties, Solution of difference equations.

UNIT””III

Frequency analysis of Continous-time signals, Frequency analysis of discrete-time signals, Fourier series for discrete-time periodic signals, Power density spectrum of periodic signals, Fourier transform of Discrete-time aperiodic signals, Energy density spectrum of aperiodic signals, Concept of bandwidth, Symmetry properties of the Fourier transform, Fourier transform theorems and properties.

UNIT””IV

The Discrete Fourier Transform: Its properties and applications, Frequency domain sampling: The DFT, Properties of the DFT, Linear filtering methods based on the DFT, Use of the DFT in linear filtering, Filtering of long data sequences, Frequency analysis of signals using the DFT.

UNIT””V

Introduction to FFT algorithms: Decimation in time-FFT algorithm, Decimation in frequency- FFT algorithm, Quantization effects in the computation of the DFT, Quantization errors in the direct computation of the DFT, Quantization errors in FFT algorithms, DCT.

UNIT””VI

Design of digital filters: Designof FIR filters based on windows, Designof IIR filters from analog filters, IIR filter design by approximation of derivatives, Impulse invarriance, Bilinear transformation, Examples of digital filter designs based on the bilinear transformation.

Text Books:

• Digital Signal Processing: Alan V. Oppenheim, W. Schaffer, Pearson Education
• Digital Signal Processing: John G. Proakies and D. Monalkies & D. Sharma, Pearson Education

Reference Books:

• Digital Signal Processing, 2nd Edition by E. Ifeachor, Pearson Education
• Theory and application of signal processing””Rabiner & Gold (PHI)
• Digital filter design and analysis””Andreas Antonious

77CS3: Elective I:- Computer Graphics

Unit 1:

Basic fundamentals of random scan, raster-scan devices and LCD displays.Video Basics, Interactive Devices. Line, Circle, Ellipse drawing techniques and Algorithms.

Unit 2:

Polygon filling methods: Scan Conversion Algorithms: Simple Ordered edge list, Edge Fill, Fence fill and Edge Flag Algorithm. ,Seed fill Algorithms: Simple and Scan Line Seed Fill Algorithm, Antialiasing and Halftoning techniques.

Unit 3:

2D Clipping algorithms for regular and irregular windows: Sutherland Cohen Outcode, Sutherland Cohen Subdivision, Mid-Point subdivision, Cyrus Beck and Sutherland Hodgman Polygon clipping Agorithm. Clipping about Concave regions. 2D Transformations, Normalized Device Coordinates and Viewing Transformations.

Unit 4:

3D System Basics and 3D Transformations, Parallel and Perspective projections, Hidden line/surface Removal Algorithms. Rendering- Shading, Ray tracing techniques and Color Systems.

Unit 5:

Curve generation – Interpolation Technique, B-spline and Bezier curves, Graphics Software Packages – Rules for designing Graphics Package, Segmentation and Display file Compilation.

Unit 6:

Graphics Systems- Display Processors, Device Independent Graphics Systems, User Interface Design. Graphics Standard – Basic principles of X-windows, X terminal.

Text Books:

• Computer Graphics, Hearn and Baker, Pearson Education
• Procedural Elements of Computer Graphics III Edition, Rogers, McGraw Hill.
• Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics, Newman and Sproull, McGraw Hill.

Reference Books:

• Computer Graphics : Principles and Practice in “C” by J. D. Foley Pearson Education

77CS3: Elective – I:- Real Time Operating Systems

UNIT – I:

Introduction : Car & driver example, Issues in real time systems, Structure of a Real time system. Hard versus soft real time systems: Jobs & processors, release times, deadlines, timing, constraints, Hard & Soft timing constraints, Hard real time systems , soft real time systems. A Reference model of Real-time systems : processors and resources, temporal parameters of real-time workload, periodic Task model, precedence constraints & data dependencies other types of dependencies, functional parameters, resource parameters of Jobs & parameters of resources, scheduling Hierarchy.

UNIT-II:

Effective release times and deadlines, Optimality and non optimality of EDF & LST, Challenges in validating timing constraints in priority-driven systems, off-line versus on-line scheduling. Clock-driven scheduling, Priority driven scheduling of periodic tasks.

UNIT-III:

Scheduling aperiodic & sporadic jobs in priority-driven systems : Deferrable servers, Sporadic servers, Constant utilization, total bandwidth and weighted fair-queuing servers, scheduling of sporadic jobs. Resources and resource access control: assumption on resources and their usage, effects of resource contention & resource access control, non preemptive critical sections, basic priority-inheritance protocol, basic priority-ceiling protocol, stack-based priority-ceiling protocol, use of priority-ceiling protocol in dynamic-priority systems, preemption-ceiling protocol, controlling accesses to multiple-unit resources.

UNIT-IV

Model of multiprocessor & distributed systems, Task assignment, Multiprocessor priority-ceiling protocol, Elements of scheduling algorithms for end-to end periodic tasks, Scheduability of fixed priority end-to-end periodic tasks, end-to-end tasks in heterogeneous systems.

Programming Languages and Tools : Desired language characteristics, Data typing, Control structures, Facilitating hierarchjical decomposition , packages, Run time error handling, Overloading and generics, Multitasking, Lowlevel programming, Task scheduling, Timing specifications, Programming environments, Run time support.

UNIT-V:

Real Time Databases : Introduction, Basic definations, real time vs. general purpose databases, main memory databases, Transaction priorities, Transaction aborts,concurrency control issues, disk schedulinh algorithms, maintaining serialization consistency, databases for hard real time systems.

Real Time Communication: Introduction, Network Topologies, Contention based protocol, token based protocol, Stop and go protocol, Polled bus protocol, Hierarchical round robin protocol, Deadline based protocols, Fault tolerant routing.

UNIT – VI :

Fault Tolerance Techniques : Causes of failures, Fault types, Fault detection, Fault and error containment, Redundancy, Data diversity, Reversal checks, Integrated failure handling.

TEXT-BOOK:

• Real-Time Systems : Jane W.S. Liu, Pearson Education.
• Real Time Systems : C.M.Krishna & Kang G. Shin [TMH]

77CS 3: Elective-I: Fundamentals of Multimedia

UNIT 1

Multimedia Authoring and Data Representations:

Introduction to Multimedia, Multimedia Authoring and Tools, Graphics and Image Data Representations.

UNIT 2

Color in Image and Video, Fundamental Concepts in Video, Basics of Digital Audio.

UNIT 3

Multimedia Data Compression: Lossless Compression Algorithms, Run-Length Coding, Variable-Length Coding (VLC), Huffman Coding, Adaptive Huffman Coding, Lossy Compression Algorithms, Quantization, Uniform Scalar Quantization, Nonuniform Scalar Quantization, Vector Quantization, Transform Coding, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Image Compression Standards.

UNIT 4

Basic Video Compression Techniques, MPEG Video Coding I – MPEG-1 and 2, MPEG Video Coding II “” MPEG-4, 7 and Beyond, MPEG Audio Compression.

UNIT 5

Multimedia Communication: Computer and Multimedia Networks, Multimedia Network Communications and Applications, Interactive TV (ITV) and Set-Top Box (STB), Broadcast Schemes for Video- on-Demand, Buffer Management, Further Exploration , Wireless Networks , Multimedia over Wireless Networks ,Trends in Wireless Interactive Multimedia .

UNIT 6

Multimedia Retrieval: Content-Based Retrieval in Digital Libraries, Minimum three Case studies.

Text Book:

• Fundamentals of Multimedia 1st Edition by Mark S. Drew & Ze-Nian Li, Pearson Education

Reference Books:

• Multimedia Fundamentals, Volume 1: Media Coding and Content Processing, 2nd Edition by Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt, Pearson Education.
• Multimedia Making Work (TMH Pub.) by Tay Vaughan.
• Advanced Multimedia Programming (McGraw Hill Pub.) – Steve Rimmer
• Digital Image Processing – Gonzalez and Woods, Pearson Education

77CS4: Elective I:-Advanced Computer Architecture

Unit 1

Models of parallel computer, multiprocessors and multicomputers, multivector and SIMP computers, PRAM and VLSI models conditions of parallelism, data and resource dependencies, grain size and latency, grain packing and scheduling, program flow mechanisms, system interconnect architectures.

Unit 2

Principles of scalable performance, performance metrics and measures, speedup performance laws, advanced processor technology, superscaler and vector processors, verified memory, cache memory organizations, shared memory organizations.

Unit 3

Pipeline and superscalar techniques, linear pipeline processors, reservation and latency analysis, collision free scheduling, pipeline schedule optimization, instruction pipeline design, arithmetic pipeline design, superscaler and superpipeline design.

Unit 4

Multiprocessors and multicomputers, multiprocessor system interconnects, cache coherence and synchronization mechanisms, message passing schemes.

Unit 5

Multivector and SIMD computers vector processing principles, compound vector processing, SIMD computer organizations scalable multithread and dataflow architectures.

Unit 6:

Introduction to Parallel Programming Models , Parallel Language Constructs , Elementary theory about dependence analysis, Code optimizations and Scheduling.

BOOKS:

• Kai Hiwang, “Advanced Computer Architecture” McGraw Hill. Richard Y. Kausi, ” Advanced Computer Architecture” Prentice Hall of India.
• Advanced Computer Architecture by D. Sima, Fountain & Kacsuk, 1st Edition, Pearson Education.

77CS4: Elective-II:- Artificial Intelligence

UNIT I

Introduction: Scope of AI, AI problems, AI technique, Production system Characteristics, Basics of problem solving: problem representation paradigms Defining problem as a state space representation.

UNIT II

Search Techniques: Problem size, complexity, approximation and search; depth, breadth and best search; Heuristic Based Search: Heuristic search, Hill climbing, best-first search, branch and bound

UNIT III

Knowledge representation: First order logic, Unification, Resolution in Predicate Logic. Structured Knowledge Representation: Semantic Nets, Frames, and Scripts.

Learning: Block architecture of learning system, Types of learning, performance Measures

UNIT IV

Uncertainty Treatment: formal and empirical approaches including Bayesian theory, belief functions, certainty factors and fuzzy sets.

UNIT V

Expert Systems: Fundamental blocks, Knowledge Engineering, Knowledge Acquisition, Need and justification for expert systems, Detailed Discussion from Example Domains – (From) Industry, Language, Medicine, Verification, Vision, Knowledge Based Systems; concept of shells.

UNIT VI

Language Machine: Introduction to Natural Language understanding. Level of knowledge in NLU, Approaches to NLU, Problems in NLU, Basic parsing techniques.

TEXT BOOKS:

• E.Rich and Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGraw Hill, 1992.
• Introduction to Artifitial Intelligence by E.Charniack and D. Mcdermott, Pearson Education.
• Artifitial Intelligence structures and strategies for complex problem solving, 4th edition, Pearson education.
• Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 2nd edition, Pearson Education.
• Introduction to Artificial Intelligence & Expert system (PHI Pub.) – D.W.Patterson.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• N. J. Nilsson, “Principles of AI”, Narosa Publ. House, 1990.
• P. H. Winston, “Artificial Intelligence”, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2002.
• M. N. Hoda, “Foundation Course in Artificial Intelligence”, Vikas Pub., 2004.

77CS4: Elective-II:- Enterprise Resourse Planning

COURSE MODULES:

Textbook:

• Enterprise Resource Planning – Concepts & Practice (Second Edition) By V. K. Garg & N.K. Venkitakishnan (PHI)
• Enterprise Resource Planning- Alexis Leon (TMH)

Reference book:

• ERP Demystified – By Alexis Leon (TMH)

77CS4: Elective-II:- Operating System Design

UNIT-I
General overview of the Unix System, Kernel: Architecture of Unix OS, Kernel data structures, system administration. The buffer cache; advantages & disadvantages.

UNIT-II
Internal representation of files, inodes, structures, directories, super block, allocation of disk blocks, System Calls for the file system in Unix.

UNIT-III
Processes: States & transitions, Layout of system memory. Context Sleep. Process Control, Process Scheduling and Time.

UNIT-IV
Memory management policies in Unix. Swapping, demand paging hybrid system. I/O subsystem : drivers & streams.

UNIT-V
Interprocess Communication: Process tracing, System V IPC Network communications, Sockets.

UNIT-VI
Multiprocessor Systems: Problems & solutions with master slave processors. Distributed Unix System.

Text Books :

• M. J. Bach : The Design of Unix Operating System, Pearson Education
• A. S. Tanenbaum : Operating System Design & Implementation, 2nd edition, Pearson education D. Comer : Operating System Design (Prentice Hall)

UNiT-Il:
Distributed database design, a frame work for distributed database design, the design of database fragmentation, the allocation of
fragments. translation global queries to fragment queries, equiv~tlenpe ttansformation for queries. transforming global qUeries into
fragment queries. distributed grouping and aggregate function evaluation, parametric queries

UNIT-Ill:
Query optimization, problems in query Optiintza~i0fl. objectives in query process optimization. simpler representation of queries,
model fo~ query ootiniization,- join query, general queries, ‘concept of two phase commit, resolving dmsrHbumcd transaction.
concept of replication, snapshot on replication and multimaster replication. conflict resolution in multimaster replication,
concurrency control and database recovery in d~tributed databases.

UNIT-lV~
The evolution of object oriented concepts. object-oriented concepts, characteristics of an objectoriented data mode!, object schemas,
class-subclass relationships. interobject relationships, late and early binding, support for vcrsioning. Similarities & differences
between 00DM and other data models, features of air object-oriented databases management system, OODBMS architectural
approaches-extended relational model approach, semantic database approach, object oriented database programming language
extension approach. DBMS generator approach. obiect definition language and object query language.

UNIT-V:
OODBMS architectures, performance issues in OODBMS. application selection for OODBMS, database design for an object
relational database management system (ORDBMS). structured types & ADTs. object identity, extending ER mode!. using nested
collections, storage and access methods, query processing, query optimisation. design and architecture of POSTGRES. distributed
computing in CORBA and BiB.

TEXTBOOKS:
I. Distributed data bases principles and systems by Ceri & Pelagatti (McGraw Hill Pub!.)
2. Fundamentals of Database System by Eliniskv & Navathe (3Td Ed. Addison W,.elsey)
3. Object Oriented Database System – Approaches & Architectures by C.S.R. P~ablui (PHE Pub.)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
I. Database System – Design Jinpicinentation & Management by Peter Rob & Carlos Coronel. (Course Tech.)
2. Database Management Svstenis by Raghu Ramakrishnan & Johannes Gehrke.(McGraw Pub.)
3. Oracle Si Distributed Database Replication Manual.

81T48 WEB TECHNOLOGIES

UNIT-1
Basic tools of internet access, emaiL ftp. news. ww~. anarchie, introduction to internet programming, sockets : connections, atiributesm donmins. types and protocols (sockets), creating and closing sockets, socket communication. client server application using C on linux
platform. .1

UNIT-Il:
Standard use for www documents on internet. HTTP. MIME. SGML. DTD. MTNL, URL, URI. HTML tags special chatacters im ~ ibiLs forms thL h pLrllnks I-fJ’ML URLs serving HTML pages.

UNIT-Ill:
CGI : CGT prograrnrni1~g using C.

UNIT-IV :
XML basics, understanding markup languages. sructures and syntax, valid Vi. well formed XML, DTD (document type Definition) classes.

UNIT-V:
Scripting XML, XML processor. parent child reJarionship XML as a data, data type in XML, XML namespaces, linking with XML simple link. the HTML way. XSL : XML. with stie: style sheet basics, XSL basics. XSL SN he sheets

TEXTBOOKS:
I. XML in action web technology by William J. Pardi (P1-LI Pub.)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
I. Step by Step XML by Michael J. Young (Pill Pub.)
2. Designing Interactive Web sites by James L. Mohier & John M Duff (Thomson Learning)
PRACTICALS based on above syllabus
1. Socket programming and CGI using C’ on linux platform.
2. HTML, XML web page designing.

81T47 DISTRIBUTED DATABASES & OBJECT ORIENTED DATABASES

UNIT-I:
Distributed databases features – distributed database management systems – review of databases and  computer n~t~vorks, levels of distribution transparency. reference architecture, type of data fragmentation, distribution transparency for read onl~ applications and update applications. distributed database access primitives and integrity constraints

UNiT-lI
Distributed database design, a frame work for distributed database design, the design of database fragmentation, the allocation of fragments. translation global queries to fragment queries, equivalence ttansformation for queries. traiistbrniing global queries into fragment queries. distributed grouping and aggregate function e’.’aluanon. parametric queries

UNIT-Ill:
Query optimization, problems in query optimization. objectives in query process optimization, simpler representation of queries, model to: query optimization,- join query, general queries, concept of two phase commit, resolving disviburcd tran~action. concept of replication, snapshot on replication and multimaster replication, conflict resolution in ~nu1timaster replication, concurrency control and database recovery in d~tributed databases.

UNIT-IV
The evolution of object oriented concepts. object-oriented concepts, characteristics of an objectoriented data model, object schcmas, class-so bclass relationships. interobject relationships, late and early binding, support for versioning. Similarities & differences between 00DM and other data models, features of an object-oriented databases management system. OODBMS architectural approachesextended relational model approach, semantic database approach, object oriented database
programming language extension approach. DBMS generator approach, object definition language and object query language.

UNIT-V:
OODBMS architectures, performance issues in OODBMS, application selection for OODBMS, database design for an object relational database management system (ORDBMS). structured types & ADTs. object identity. extending Ek model, using nested collections, storage and access methods, query processing, query optimisation. design and architecture of POSTGRES. distributed computing in
CORBA and EJB.

TEXTBOOKS:
I. Distributed data bases principles and systems by Ceri & Pelagatti (McGraw Hill Pubi.)
2. Fundamentals of Database System by Elmiskv & Navathe (3~ Ed. Addison W,elsey)
3. Object Oriented Database System – Approaches & Architectures by C.S.R. P~abhu (Pt-il Pub.)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
I. Database System – Design Implementation & Management by Peter Rob & Carlos Coronel,
(Course Tech.)
2. Database Management Systems h~’ Raghu Ramakrishnan & Johannes Gehrke,(McGraw Pub.)
3. Oracle 8i Distributed Database Replication Manual.

81T50/1 ENTERPRICE RESOURCE PLANNING

UNIT-I:
INTRODUCTION Business needs and ERP, ERP as an overview, entries as an overview, Benefits of ERP, ERP and related technologies, ERP architecture, business process reengineering, data warehousing, data mining, on line analytical processing supply choice management.

UNIT-ii:
ERP ll’~WLEMENTATJON : Client server architecture and ERP, ERP implementation life cycle, implementation m~hodologies, ER? implementation – The hidden cost, organizing implementations, vendors, consultants and users, contracts with vendors, consultants and employees, proj ect management and monitoring. After ERP iinplementatiou.

UNIT-Ill:
THE BUSINESS MODULE : Business models in an ER? package, finance, manufacturing human resource, plant maintenance, materials management, quality management sales and distribution.

UNIT-IV:
Selection of ERP, SWOT anaiysis of various ER? products supply chain enabled ERP.

UNITT-V:
ER? and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) integration, ERP in manufacturing and nonnianufactunng industries.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. ER.P Demystifled by Aleris Leon (TMH Pub.)
2. Enterprise Resource Planning by Parag Diwan and Sunil Sharma (Pentageon Pren.)

UNIT-I:
Introduction: The use of computer networks, networks for companies, network for people, social issues. Network hardware. LAN’s, MAN’s, WAN’s, wireless networks, internetworks, network software, protocol hierarchies, design issues for layers, interfaces and services, connectionless oriented and connectionless services, service primitives, relationship of services to protocols, the OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, comparison of OSI and TCP/IP reference model, critique of OSI model & protocols, critique of TCP/IP reference model. Example networks – novel! Netware, ARPANET, NSFNET, the internet, SMDS, X.25 network, frame relay, network standardization – who’s who in the telecommunication world, who’s who in international standards world, who’s who in the internet standards world.
UNIT-lI:
Physical Layer – The theoretical basis for data communication-Fourier analysis, bandwidth-limited signals, maximum data rate of a channel, transmission media-magnetic media, twisted pair coaxial cable, fiber optics. Wireless transmission, microwave transmission, infrared and millimeter waves, light wave transmission. Telephone system structure, politics of telephones, local loop, trunks and multiplexing, switching, narrowband ISDN – services, architecture, interface, perspective on N-ISDN, broadband ISDN & ATM-virtual circuits versus circuit switching, transmission in ATM
networks, ATM switches.

UNIT-Ill
Data Link Layer – design issues – services provided to the network Layer, framing, error control, flow control, error correcting & detecting codes, elementary data link protocols, simplex stop and wait simplex protocol for noisy channel, sliding window protocols-one bit protocol, go back protocol, selective repeat protocol. The medium access sub layer – static and dynamic channel allocation in LANs and MANs, Multiple access protocols – ALOHA. CSIIA, collision free protocols, limited contention protocols, wavelength division multiple access protocols, wireless LAN protocols, IEEE Standards 802 for LAN and MANs-802.3 & Ethernet, token bus. token ring, comparison 802.6, 802.2.

UNIT-IV
The Network Layer – Design issues, services provided to the transport layer, internal organization, comparison of virtual circuit and datagram subnets, routing algorithms. Optimality principle, shortest path routing, flooding, flow-based routing, distance vector routing, link state routing, hierarchical routing, broadcast & multicast routing, congestion control algorithms, general principles prevention policies, traffic shaping. flow specifications, congestion control in virtual circuit subnets. choke packets, load shedding, jitter control, congestion control for multicasting. Internetworking – how networks differ, concatenated Virtual circuits, connectionless Internetworking tunneling. internetwork routing, fragmentation, firewalls, the Network layer in the internet – IP protocol, IP address. subnets, internet control protocols, OSPF. BGP,
internet, Multicasting.

UNIT IV
Transport and Application Layer – services provided to the upper layer, Quality of Service, transport service primitives, elements of transport protocols, addressing, establishing a connection, releasing a connection, flow control & buffering, multiplexing, crash recovery, network security – traditional cryptography, fundamental principles, secret-key algorithms, public key algorithms, authentication protocols, digital signatures, social issues.

TEXTBOOKS::
1.Computer Networks Third Edition by Andrew Tanenbaum (PHI Pub.)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Data. & Computer Communication, 5th Ed., by William Stallings (PHI Pub.)
2.Data & Network Communications by Michael A. Miller
3.Computer Networks & E-Commerce by Parag Diwan (Pentagaon Pub.)

7IT42 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

UNIT-I
Discrete time signals and systems, linearity, time variance, casuality, stability properties of LTI casual ystem, response of LTI systems to various inputs, convolution, sampling theorem.

UNIT-Il
Frequency domain description of signals & system. fourier transform of discrete time signals, properties of DFT, DFTS of typical discrete time signals.

UNIT-Ill
The Z-transform, properties. ROCs relation with fourier transform. system function, inverse Z transform, solution of difference equation using unilateral Z-transform,

UNIT-IV
Digital filter design techniques design of FIR filters based on windows, design of IIR digital filters from analog filters.

UNIT-V
Introduction to FFT algorithms decimation in time – FFT algorithms, decimation in frequency FFT algorithms. DCT.

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Digital Signal Processing: Alen V.Oppenheim . W.Schaffer (PHI Pub
2.Digital Signal Processing: Proskies and Morialkies (PHI Pub.)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Theory and Application of Signal Processing by Rabiner & Gold (PHl Pub.)
2.Digital Filter Design and Analysis by Andreas Antoniou (TMH Pub.)
PRACTICALS based on above syllabus using MATLAB and TMS C320 C50.

7IT43 COMPUTER SYSTEM SECURITY

UNIT-I:
Introduction: attacks, services, mechanisms, security attacks, security services, a model for internet work security, encryption model, steganography, classical encryption techniques, modern techniques – simplified DES, block cipher principles, data encryption standard, strength of DES, differential & linear cryptanalysis, block cipher design principles, block cipher modes of operation, Algorithm – triple DES, international data encryption algorithm, blowfish, RCS, CAST, RC2, characteristics of advanced symmetric block ciphers.

UNIT-lI:
Confidentiality using conventional encryption: placement of encryption function, traffic confidentiality, key distribution, random number generation. Public key cryptography: principles, RSA algorithm, key management, diffie-heliman key exchange, elliptic curve remainder theorem, discrete logarithms.

UNIT-III:
Message Authentication & hash functions: Authentication requirements, functions, codes, hash functions, security ofhash function & MACs. Hash & Mac algorithms: MD5 message digest algorithm, secure hash algorithm (SHA- I), RJPEMD- 160, HMAC digital signatures & authentication protocols: digital signatures, authentication protocols, digital
signature standard.

UNIT-IV:
Networks security practice: authentication applications – kerberos. X.509 directory authentication service, kerberos encryption techniques, E-mail security: pretty Good privacy, S/MIME, data compression using ZIP Radix-64 conversion. PGP random number generation, IP security: overview, architecture, authentication header, encapsulating security payload, combining security associations, key management.

UNIT-V:
Web security: requirements, secure sockets layer & transport layer security, secure electronic transaction, networksmanagement security: basic concepts of SNMP, SNMPvI community facility, SNMPv3. System Security: Intruders, viruses and worms – intruders, viruses & related threats, Firewalls:
design principles, trusted systems.

TEXTBOOKS::
Cryptography and networks security principles & practice 2/c by William Stalings (Pearson Education prentice Hall).
2. Networks security Essentials Applications & standards by William Stalings (Pearson Education, LPF).

REFERENCE BOOKS::
1. Cryptography in C and C++ by Michael Welschenbach (A press IDG Books India).
2. Introduction to Data Compression 2/c by Khalid Sayood (Morgan kaufmann/Harcourt India).

7it44/2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

UNIT-I
Introduction: AI problems, AI techniques, Defining problem as a state space representation, problem characteristics, production system characteristics. Heuristic search techniques: generate and test, hill climbing, best-first search, problem reduction, constraint satisfaction, means-ends analysis.

UNIT-II
Knowledge Representation : Issues, predicate & Proposition resolution, representing knowledge using rules, frames & scripts, semantic networks, conceptual dependency, truth maintenance system.

UNIT-III
Reasoning techniques: elementary search techniques- depth first search, breadth first search, forward & backward reasoning, winding unwinding, recursive & backtracking algorithm, uncertainty reasoning- probability theory, bayerian networks, certainty factors methods, basics of fuzzy logic, nonmonotonoc reasoning system.

UNIT-IV
Game playing: minimax search, alpha-beta cutoffs, planning-block world problems, STRIPS< hierarchical planning, nonlinear planning natural language processing- grammar & language, chomsky hierarchy, transformational grammar, case grammar, systemic grammar, semantic grammar, basic parsing technique, transition networks RTN, ATN, semantic analysis & representation structures, natural language generation.

UNIT-V
Learning: block architecture of learning system,types of learning- rote learning, learning by taking advice, learning from example, learning by analogy, Expert system- rule base architechture, non production system architecture, expert system shell, knowledge acquisition, knowledge system building tools.

TEXT BOOK :
1. Artificial intelligence by E. Rich & K. Knight(TMH Pub)

REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. introduction to artificial intelligence & expert system by D. W. Ptterson(PHI Pub)
2. principles of artificial intelligence by Nilsson N.J. (Narosa Pub)

7IT45/2 MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS

UNIT-I
Multimedia – definitions, CD-ROM and the multimedia highway. uses of multimedia, introduction to making multimedia, the stages
of project, requirements to make good multimedia, multimedia skills and training, the multimedia tea, training opportunities in
multimedia.

UNIT-Il:
Multimedia hardware, macintosh and windows production platforms, hardware peripherals, connections, memory and storage
devices, input devices output hardware, communication devices, media software, basic tools, making instant multimedia authoring
tools.

UNIT-Ill:
Multimedia building blocks – text, sound. images, animation, video.

UNIT-IV:
Assembleing and delivering a project, planning and costing. designing and producing, content and talent,
delivering. CD-ROM technology. DVD Tech.

UNIT-V:
Multimedia and Internet – History. web servers, web browsers, VRML, working on the web text, animation,
images and sound for the web, multimedia applications, media communication, media consumption, media
entertainment and multimedia games.

TEXT BOOKS::
1.Multimedia Making Work, by Tay Vaughan (TMH), 3rd Ed.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Multimedia systems design by K. Andleigh, K. Thakkrar (PHi Pub.).
2.Multimedia: Computing, Communications & Applications
by Raif Stein Metz and Kiara Nahrstedt.
3.Advanced Multimedia Programming by Steve Rimmer (McGraw Hill Pub
4.Multimedia Literacy by Fred T. Hofstetter (McGraw Hill Pub.)

7IT44/1 OPERATIONS RESEARCH

UNIT-I
Definitions, characteristics and limitations of O.R., phases of O.R., modelling in O.R., tool techniques of O.R., linear
programming, formulation, solution of L.P.P., graphical method, simplex method, duality in L.P.P.

UNIT-II
Allocation models – Assignment models multiple optima, – prohibited assignment, transportation model, prohibited and
preferred routes, degeneracy.

UNIT-Ill
Network analysis: Basic concept of network diagram, network construction, CPM, PERT, floats
in network analysis, cost analysis of project.

UNIT-IV
Queuing theory: Queuing process, components of queuing system, M/M/I(OO/FIFO) model, simulation, Monte Carlo
simulation, concept and application in various areas such as queuing system, network.

UNIT-V
Maintenance and Replacement Problems: Models for routine maintenance and preventive maintenance decision,
replacement models that deteriorate with time and those fail completely.

TEXT BOOKS::
1.Problems in Operation Research by P.K. Gupta & Man Mohan (Khanna Pub.)
2.Mathematical Models in Operation Research by .1K. Sharma (Macmillan Pub.)

REFERENCE BOOKS::
1 introduction to Operation Research by Hiller & Liberman (Holden Day Inc., Sanfransico)
2.Operations Research by Kantiswaroop & Gupta (S.Chand Pub.)
3.Principles of Operation Research by Wagner (PHI Pub.)
4.Operations Research by Dr. B.S. God & S.K. Mittal (Pragati Prakashan)

7IT44/3 VLSI DESIGN

UNIT-I:
Switching algebra theorems, simplification of boolean functions using karnaugh maps, of combinational logic circuits,
fault detection and location in two level circuits, clock concept in fllpflops, shift registers.

UNIT-II:
Introduction to CMOS circuit, MOS Transistorv theory, CMOS processing technology, circuit characterization and
performance estimation, CMOS circuit and logic design.

UNIT-Ill:
Design of synchronous sequential machines using Mealy and Moore principles, minimization of state machines and their
standard for ms FPGA, PLA, PLA, PLG.

UNIT-IV:
Introductory concepts of VHDL and Verilog language, HDL based programs for decoder, encoder, multiplexer, counters,
flipfiops, and finite state machines

UNIT-V:
Architecture of 8 bit and 16-bit processors namely 8085. 8086 Concepts of increasing the speed of processor,
architecture of other advanced processors, memory management, memory controllers. Introductory concepts of USB
AND PCI buses.

TEXT BOOKS
1.Principles of CMOS VLSI Design by Weste and Eshraghian (Addison-Wesley Pub.)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Digital logic and Computer Design by Morris Mano (PHI Pub.)
2.A VHDL Primer by Dr. Bhasker (Addison-Welsey Longman Pub.)
3.Verilog by Palnitkar.
4.VHDL by Nawabi (McGraw Hill Pub.)
5.VHDL by Perry.
6.Microprocessors Architecture Programming and Application with 8080/8085 by R.S.
Gaonkar (Wiley Eastern Pub.)
7.Microporcessors and Digital Systems by DV. Hall (TMH Pub.)

Unit 1:
8085 microprocessor, architecture, instruction set, addressing modes, memory organization & interfacing.

Unit-II:
Assembly language programming using 8085, 8085 interrupts, 8255 PPL and its
organization.

Unit-III:
8254 programmable timer, organization & interfacing with 80S5, 8279 keyboard & display, controller, organization & interfacing with 8085, analog & digital interfacing using 8255,keyboard/display interfacing using 8255 & 8279.
Unit-IV:
Serial data transmission, USART 8251 & its organization & interfacing with 8085, 8259 interrupt controller, its organization & interfacing with 8085,DMA controller 8257 & its organization.

Unit –V:
8086/8088 microprocessor, architecture, instruction set, addressing modes, simple programs, memory organization and interfacing.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Microprocessor Architecture Programming ~ Application, with 8080/8085 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar.
2. 16 bit Microprocessor by Triebel and A. Singh.
3. 16 bit microprocessor by Liu and Gibson.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Microprocessor and Digital Systems by D.V.Hall.
PRATECALS based on above syllabus 6IT 35

6IT-36 VLSUAL TECHNIQUES

Unit-I:
Understanding user interface, basic considerations in designing a proper interface, consistency, robustness of interface, user-friendliness, feedback, providing default values.

Unit-II:
Identifying user tasks, methods of accomplishing tasks, necessity or performing tasks, event-driven programming, traditional programming, advantages of event-driven interfaces, types of events in windows.

Unit-III:
Menus, file menu, edit menu, menu structures, examples, undo and redo features, graying a menu entry, TEXT buttons, graphic buttons, examples.
Unit-lV: Principles of good dialog box design, rules of thumb dialog box design, kinds of dialog boxes, handling controls and radio buttons, using radio buttons, check boxes.

Unit-V:
Use of list boxes and combo boxes, rules of-thumb in setting up list boxes and combo boxes, varieties of list and combo boxes, examples

TEST BOOKS:
1.Designing GUI application by Alex Leavens, BPB Publications, 1995.
2.”VISUAL BASIC 6.0″ by Evanglos Petrustsos(BPB Pub First Ed.1998).
Practicals based on above syllabus

6IT.37 .. DATABASEMANAGEMENT
Unit-I:
Introduction to database systems :overview, the systems Vrs DBMS, various data models, levels of abstraction, structures of DBMS, relational model, relations and integrity constraints, relational algebra and calculus SQL-basic, SQL query, nested queries, aggregate operators, Embedded SQL, dynamic SQL, security,
views.

Unit-II:
File organization: storage media, buffer management, record and page formats, file organizations, various kinds of indexes and external sorting.
Unit-IIl:
Query optimization and evaluation introduction to query processing, selection Operation projection operation, join operation, set operation and aggregate operation, relational query optimization, translating SQL queries. Mho algebra, estimating the cost, relational algebra equivalence.

Unit-IV:.
Database design : overview of database design, ER model, features of ER model, conceptual design using ER model, scheme refinement and normal forms, scheme refinement, use of decompositions, functional dependencies, normal forms, multi-valued dependencies.

Unit-V:
Concurrency control and recovery concepts of transaction, transactions and schedules. lock based concurrency control, lock management, specialized locking techniques, concurrency control without locking, crash recovery, introduction to crash recovery, log recovery, check pointing, media recovery.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Database Management Systems by RaghuRama Krishnan,MGH .1998,
2. Database Systems Concepts by Henry Korth and Others.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Database Management and Design by G.W. Hansen and J.V.Pansen, PHI, 1999.
2. An Introduction to Database System by C.Desai, Galgotia Pub.,1998.
PRACTICALS based on above syllabus using ORACLE.

6IT-38 JAVA PROGRAMMiNG

Unit-I:
Data types. Variables, arrays. Integers, floating point types, characters, Boolean, literal, Operators: arithmetic operators, bit wise operators, relational, Boolean, logical, assignment, The?, Operators precedence, use of parentheses. Control statements: IF, switch, DO-WHILE, WHILE, FOR, Nested loop, break, continue, return. Classes: fundamentals of classes, declaring objects, assigning objects, reference variables, methods, constructor, variable handling and garbage collection. Methods and classes: Overloading methods, using objects as parameters, arguments passing, returning objects. Recursion, access control, understanding static, introducing final, nested inner classes, storage classes, command line arguments.

Unit-II:
Packages and interface : Packages, access protection, importing packages, interfaces. Exception handling : Fundamentals exception types, uncaught exception. Try-catch,displaying description of an exception, multiple catch clauses, nested tri statements. throw,throws, finally, built in exceptions, creating own exception subclasses. Multithreaded programming : JAVA thread model, thread priorities, synchronization messaging, the thread class, runnable interface, creating thread, creating, multiple thread. using isAlive( ), join( ), thread priority, synchronization, interthread communication, suspending resuming stopping threads, Using multithreading.

Unit-III:
I/O Applets: I/O stream, bytes stream,, character stream, pre-defined streams, reading console input reading character, reading string, writing console output, the Print Write class, reading and writing files, applets fundamentals, transient and volatile modifiers, using instance of strictfp, native method.

Unit-IV:
String Handling: string constructor, special string operator, character extraction, string comparison, searching string, modifying a string, data conversion using value Of ( ), changing ease of Characters within a string, string buffer.

Unit-V:
Networking: networking basics & socket overview, client/server, reserved socket, proxy server, internet addressing, networking classes and interfaces,factory methods and instance method TCP/IP,cljent socket, URL, URL connections, TCP/IP servers sockets , datagrams,
TEXTBOOKS:
1.The Complete Reference- JAVA 2- 3rd Edition ., by Patrick Naughton, TMH Publ.

PRACTICALS based on above syllabus.

61T-39 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Unit-I:
Software and software engineering. The importance of software, software-software myths, software engineering paradigms, generic view of software egg, software metrics, measures and metrics, estimation, risk analysis, scheduling, size oriented metrics; function oriented metrics, metrics of software quality.

Unit-II:
SoftwareӢ project estimation and planning, decomposition techniques, LOC and FP estimation, effect estimation, risk analysis, identification, projection, assessment, management and monitoring, software reengineering, requirement analysis, tasks, analyst, software prototyping, specification principles,
representation and the software requirements specification.

Unit-III:
Object oriented analysis and data modeling object oriented concepts, identifying objects, specifying attributes, defining operations, inter object communication finalizing object definition, object oriented analysis modeling. data modeling, data objects, attributes and relationships entity relationship
diagrams, alternative analysis techniques, requirement analysis methods, data structure oriented methods, data structured system development warner diagrams and the DSSD approach, Jackson system development.

Unit-IV:
Software design fundamentals, The design process, design fundamentals, effective modular, design dataflow oriented design, transform analysis, transaction analysis, design heuristics, object oriented design. object oriented design concepts, object oriented design methods. Refining operations,
program components & interfaces, implementation detail design, User interface design, human factors, human computer interface design, interface-design guidelines, interface standards.

Unit-V:
Software quality assurance, software quality factors quality assurance, quality metrics, Halstead’s S/W science, software testing techniques, S/W testing fundamentals; White box testing, black boxtesting, validation testing, system testing, debugging software maintenance maintainability, maintenance tasks, reverse engineering and re-engineering.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Software Engineering by Roger S. Pressman, McGraw Hill, Second Ed.
2. Software Engineering by D.Bell, I. Morrey- PHI Pub.

61T-40 OPERATING SYSTEMS
Unit-I:
Introduction What’s an operating system, multiprogramming, time sharing real time systems, multiprocessor system, operating system services: Types of the services, the user view, the operating system view. File System: File concept, file support, access methods, allocation methods, directory system, file protection, implementation issues.

Unit-Il:
CPU Scheduling: Review of multiprogramming, concept, scheduling concept, scheduling, algorithms, algorithm evaluation, multiple processor scheduling. Disk and drum scheduling Physical characteristics, first come first serve scheduling shortest seek tune first scheduling, SCAN, selecting a
disk scheduling algorithm, sector queuing.

Unit-III:
Memory Management: Preliminaries: Bare machine, resident monitor, swapping. Multiple partition, paging, segmentations, combined systems Virtual Memory: Overlays, demand-paging performance of demand paging page replacement, virtual
memory concepts, page replacement algorithms. Allocation algorithm, thrashing, other considerations.

Unit-IV:
Deadlocks. : The deadlock problem, deadlock characterization, deadlock presentation deadlock avoidance, combined approach to deadlock handling Concurrent Processes: Precedence graph, specification, review of process concept, hierarchy of process, the critical section problem, semaphores classical process coordination problem, interprocess communication

Unit-V:
Protection: goal of protection, mechanisms & policies, domain of protection, access matrix, implementation of access matrix, dynamic protection structures, revocation, Existing systems, and language based protection, protection problems security

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Operating system concepts by J L Peterson & Silibersí§hatz

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Operating system by Concept & Design by Milan Milenkovic.
2. Operating systems by Madnick & Donovan.
3. An introduction to Operating System by JIM. Dietel.

Unit 1:
Digital communications: introduction, digital radio, digital amplitude modulation, frequency shift keying, phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, Bandwidth efficiency, carrier recovery, Clock Recovery

Unit 2:
Probability random variables & stochastic, processes, review of probability theory random variables, probability density & distribution function, random. Processes, periodic processes, stationary. Processes, auto correlation cross correlation applications to signal analysis

Unit 3:
Data communication: history & data communications circuits, data communication, error control, syncronization, data communications, hardware. Data ommunication protocols and network configuration: open system interconnection, synchronous protocol.

Unit 4:
Digital transmission: PCM, differential pulse code modulation, pulse transmission, signal power in binary digital signals. Multiplexing: time division inultiplethg, T1digital carrier system. CCITT time-division. Multiplexed carrier system.

Unit 5:
Shannon limit for information theory, channel. Capacity &discrete & continuous channels, Error controls coding, Hamming distance, linear block codes, CRC. Convolution codes.

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Advanced Electronic Communication System by Wayne Tomasi
2.Communication System Analog, Digital by R.P.Singh, S.D.Sapre.
3.Modern Digital ‘& Analog Communication System by B.P Lathi
4.Digital Communication by Simon Haykin
PRACTLCALS based on above syllabus.

5IT30 DISCRETE AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Unit-I:
Linear waveshaping RC, RL and RLC circuits, High pass, low pass circuits response to step, ramp and exponential input, compensated attenuator

Unit-2
Clipping and clamping circuits: Diode clippers, Zener diode, Clipper
Compensation for temp changes in diodes, Clamping operation with and without source and diode resistance, Clamping circuits theorem effect of diode characteristics.

Unit 3:
Basic Operational Amplifier circuits: -Differential amplifier stages current source, biasing, level shifting techniques, common mode & differential mode gains and impedance of differential stage, overload protection circuits, frequency response and compensation.

Unit-4:
Comparator, sample & hold circuit: -basic concept of multivibrators using transistor. Design of bistable, monostable, astable multivibrator using OP Amplifier.

Unit 5:
Characteristics of ideal & nonideal operational amplifiers. Error in measurement of different parameters integrator & differentiator instrumentation amplifier, bridge amplifier, introduction to 555,565 & 723lCs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microelectronics Jacob Millam, Mcgraw Hill Book.
2. Operational Amplifier And Applications By R. Gaikwad.
3. Op.Amp. Design And Appliction By Tobey, Gramme And Huel Soman,Mcgraw Hill, Kogakushe
4. Operational Amplifier By Roy & Chowdhary.
5. Pulse, Digital & Switching Waveform By Millman And Taub.
PRACTLCALS based on above syllabus.

5IT31 OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGIES
Unit 1: –
Introduction: object oriented development, object oriented terms, object module, object & classes links and associations, generalization and inheritance, grouping constructs, a sample object module, Advance object
modeling; Aggregation, abstract classes, multiple inheritance, metadata, candidate keys, constraints.

Unit 2:
Dynamic modeling events & states, nested state diagrams, concurrency advance dynamic modeling concepts, a sample dynamic module, relation of objects & dynamic modules, functional models, data flow diagram, specifying operations, constraints, a sample functional module.

Unit 3:
Design methodology, overview of analysis, problem statement, ATM network, object modeling, various phases, dynamic modeling, various phases, adding operations, refining the object model, system design, overview, sub system, allocating subsystems, management of data stores, choosing software control,
implementation, handling boundary conditions, trade offs.

Unit-4:
Object design, overview, designing algorithms, design Optimization, Optimization of control adjustment of inheritance, design of association, object representation, physical packaging, documenting, design decisions.

Unit-5:
Comparison of methodo1ogies, information modeling notations, implementation programming languages, data base systems, object oriented style, reusability, extensibility, robustness.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Object Oriented Modeling and Design by James Rumbaugh, Michale Biaha, William Premerlani,
Frederick Eddy, William Lorerson, PHP, 1997
PRACTLCALS based on above syllabus

5IT31 OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGIES
Unit 1: –
Introduction: object oriented development, object oriented terms, object module, object & classes links and associations, generalization and inheritance, grouping constructs, a sample object module, Advance object
modeling; Aggregation, abstract classes, multiple inheritance, metadata, candidate keys, constraints.

Unit 2:
Dynamic modeling events & states, nested state diagrams, concurrency advance dynamic modeling concepts, a sample dynamic module, relation of objects & dynamic modules, functional models, data flow diagram, specifying operations, constraints, a sample functional module.

Unit 3:
Design methodology, overview of analysis, problem statement, ATM network, object modeling, various phases, dynamic modeling, various phases, adding operations, refining the object model, system design, overview, sub system, allocating subsystems, management of data stores, choosing software control,
implementation, handling boundary conditions, trade offs.

Unit-4:
Object design, overview, designing algorithms, design Optimization, Optimization of control adjustment of inheritance, design of association, object representation, physical packaging, documenting, design decisions.

UJnit-5:
Comparison of methodo1ogies, information modeling notations, implementation programming languages, data base systems, object oriented style, reusability, extensibility, robustness.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Object Oriented Modeling and Design by James Rumbaugh, Michale Biaha, William Premerlani, Frederick Eddy, William Lorerson, PHP, 1997
PRACTLCALS based on above syllabus

5IT-33 Computer Graphics

Unit 1:
Geometry and line generation: points, lines, planes, pixels and frame buffers, types of display devices, DDA and bresenham’s line algorithms, bresenham’s algorithm for circle generation, algorithm for ellipse generation, aliasing and antialiasing.

Unit 2:
Graphics primitives: display files, algorithms for polygon generation, polygon filling algorithms, NDC (normalized device co-ordinates), pattern filling, 2D transformations: scaling, rotation, translation, rotation about arbitrary points reflections, zooming.

Unit 3:
Segment tables: operations on segments, data structures for segments and display files, windowing and clipping: window, viewport, viewing transformations, clipping, line and polygon clipping.

Unit4:
3D graphics: 3D primitives, projections, parallel, perspective, isometric, viewing transformations, hidden surfaces and line removal, painter’s algorithm, Z -buffers, warnocks algorithm.

Unit 5:
Curves and surfaces: sweeping method of interpolation, Raster graphics architecture: simple raster-display systems, display processor system, standard graphics pipeline.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Procedural elements for computer graphics by David F. rogers, McGraw Hill
2. Computer graphics principle and practice by Foley, Vandam,Feiner& Huges-Addison Wesley.
3. Principles of interactive computer graphics by Newman & Sproul.
4. Mathematical elements for computer graphics by David F. rogers & Adams

5IT-34 Principles of management

Unit 1:
Concept of management and administration, management process, management as a profession, task and responsibilities for a professional manager and managerial skill required for a professional manager, modern approach.

Unit 2:
Function of management: outline and significance of planning, decision-making, directing, motivating, coordination, communication, time management.

Unit 3:
Financial management: financial statement, ratio analysis, budgets, organization and working of Indian capital market.

Unit 4:
Meaning, nature and scope of HRM: human resource planning, procurement and development of human resources (HR), organizational behavior, organizational change and development, quality of working life, management of stream, conflict, counseling.

Unit 5:
Materials management: meaning, nature and scope of materials management, inventory control-E.O.Q. and ABC analysis, store keeping and purchasing, outline of ISO 9000 & ISO 14000. Marketing management: nature and scope of marketing management, marketing concepts, market research, market segmentation,
consumer behavior & advertisement.

Reference books for BE 5th semester IT

1. Principles of Management by Kuntooz, O’Donnell.
2. Principles of Management by P.C. Tripathi & P.N. Reddy,TMH Pub.
3. Financial Management by Chandra.
4. Human Resource Development Management by A.M. Sheikh.
5. Integrated Material Management by A.K. Mitra.
6. Marketing Management by Philipkatker,Ramaswami.

UNIT-I:
Mathematical Logic and Set Theory: Statement and Notation, Negotiation, Conjunction, Disjunction, Tautologies, Truth tables, Basic concepts of set theory, Inclusion and equality of sets, The power set, Ordered pairs and n-tuples.

UNIT-II:
Relations and Functions: Relation and ordering, Properties of Binary Relations in a set Relation Matrix and the Graphs a Relation, Partition and Covering of a set. Equivalence relation, Partial ordering, Partially ordered set, Functions (definition and introduction), Composition of functions, Inverse functions, Characteristics function of a set.

UNIT-III:
Group Theory: Semigroups and Monoids(defininitions and examples), Homomorphism of semigroups and monomoids, Subsemi groups and submonoids, Groups(definitions and examples) Subgroups and Homomorphisms, Cosets and Lanranges theorem, Normal
subgroups, Codes and group codes.

UNIT-IV:
Rings(definition and examples): Integral domains ring homomorphisms, Ideas of Ring polynomial.

UNIT-V:
Graph Theory: Basic concepts of Graph Theory, Basic definitions, Paths and circuits. Rechability and connectedness, Matrix representation of graphs, Trees and their representation and operations, Rooted trees, Path lengths in rooted trees, Multi graphs and weighted graphs, Shortest paths in weighted graphs.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Discrete Mathematics Structures with application to Computer Science by J. P.
Tremblay & R. Manohar.
2. Discrete Maths for Computer Scientists & Mathematicians. (Chapter 2, 5, 7) by J. L. Mott, A. Kandel, T. P. Baker

REFERENCES:
Elements of Discrete Mathematics by C. L. Liu.
Discrete Mathematics by Lipschutz
Discrete Mathematics by R.Johnsonbaugh.

4IT23 ALGORITHM AND DATA STRUCTURES

UNIT-I:
Introduction to algorithm: Analysis of algorithms. The asymptotic notations, Features of structured program, Recursion, Top down and bottom-up programming techniques, Divide and conquer strategy. Stacks and Queues: Fundamentals, Evaluation of expressions, Polish expressions and their compilation,
Application of stacks, Multiple stacks and queues, Priority queues.

UNIT-II:
Linked list: Single linked list, linked stacks and queues, The polynomial addition, Example on linked list, Equivalence relation, Circular linked list, Doubly linked list and Generalized list.

UNIT-III:
Sorting Methods: Internal and external sort, bubble sort, exchange, insertion, selection, merge, heap, radix and quick sort, Comparision with respect to their efficiency. Searching Methods: Sequential, binary, indexed search, Hashing techniques and collision handling mechanism.

UNIT-IV:
Trees: Definition and terminology, Representation, Tree traversal examples on trees, Threaded trees, Binary tree, Binary search tree, Operation on multi-way trees, B trees and B+ trees.

UNIT-V:
Graph and their applications: Computer representation of Graphs, Traversal techniques like Breadth first search, Depth first search, Greedy algorithms-study with respect to shortest path, minimum cost spanning tree.
PRACTICALS based on above syllabus.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. An introduction to Data structures with Applications by Trembley J.P. & Sorenson P. G.
2. Algorithm, Data Structures & Programs by Niclaus Worth.
3. Data structures using C/C++ by Tanenbaum.

4IT24 COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS

UNIT-I:
Analog Systems: Frequency spectrum of electromagnetic waves, Their properties,
Properties of Fourier transform, Convolution in time and frequency domain,
Sampling theorem, Noise types, Sources.

UNIT-II:
Mechanism of amplitude modulation and detection, SSB, SSB-SC, DSB, Various techniques of generation and detection of FM, Comparision of various system based on SNR.

UNIT-III:
Digital Systems: Bandwidth and rate of pulse transmission, Pulse spreading and interference, PSD of digital signals, Line coding, Digital multiplexing.

UNIT-IV:
Pulse Modulation: PAM, PWM, PCM and PPM systems, quantization and noise, Delta modulation.

UNIT-V:
Digital Carrier System, Salient features of ASK, FSK, PSK and DPSK systems, M-ary communication system.
PRACTICAL based on above syllabus:

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Digital and Analog Communication System by B. P. Lathi.
2. Communication System by B. P. Lathi.
3. Digital Communication by Proakis.

REFERENCES:
1. Communication Systems by A. B. Carlson.
2. Principle of Communication System by Taub & Schilling.
3. Communication Electronics by Kennedy.

4IT25 DATA PROCESSING AND FILE OIRGANIZATION

UNIT-I:
Structural Organization of COBOL: Character set, Words, Sentences, Identification Division, Environment Division, Data Division, Data types – numerical, Alphabetic & alphanumeric, Input-output sections, Working
storage sections, PROCEDURE division features: ACCEPT, DISPLAY, MOVE, Arithmetic & COMPUTE verbs, Sample programs, PERFORM & GOTO verbs, STRING, UNSTRING, INSPECT & COPY verbs, Sample programs using PERFORM, Miscellaneous COBOL statements.

UNIT-II:
Conditional Statements & Handling: Relation conditions, Nested conditions, Class conditions, Conditionname conditions, Structured programming forms of program structure, Structural flow charts, Subscripting, OCCURS clause, Multidimensional tables, Table handling with PERFORM verb.

UNIT-III:
Business Files: Operation on files, Master files, Transaction file, Report file, Batch processing, On-line processing, case studies. Sequential Access Files: Principles of magnetic storage & accessing, Blocking, Inter record gap, Label records, COBOL language instructions for sequential files.

UNIT-IV:
Direct Access Files: Characteristics of disk storage & timing index, Indexed sequential files, COBOL instruction for indexed sequential files, relative file organization, Division-Remainder method, digital-analysis method, COBOL instructions for handling relative files.

UNIT-V:
Sorting, Searching & merging: Linear search sort, Merge sort, Chained record sort, Linear search, Binary search, File sorting & Merging using sequential files. Report Generation: Output layout design, Heading, Date & Detailed summaries.Control breaks, Language specifications for COBOL report writing.
PRACTICALS based on above syllabus.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Information System through COBOL by S. Philiphakis, Leenard.
2. COBOL Programming by M. K. Roy, D. Ghosh Dastidar.

4IT26 THEORY OF COMPUTATION

UNIT-I:
Strings, Alphabet, Language, Operations, Finite state machine, definitions, Finite automation model, Acceptance of strings and languages, Non Deterministic Finite Automation, Deterministic Finite Automation, Equivalence between NFA and DFA. Conversion of NFA into DFA, Minimization of FSM, Equivalence between two FSM’s. Moore and Melay machines.

UNIT-II:
Regular sets, Regular expressions, Identify rules, Manipulation of regular expressions. Equivalence between RE and FA, Inter conversion, Pumping lemma, Closure properties of regular sets (proofs not required), Regular grammars, Right linear and left linear grammars, Equivalence between regular linear grammar and F.A. inter conversion between RE and RG.

UNIT-III:
Context free grammar, Derivation trees, Chomsky Normal Form, Greibach Normal Form, Push Down Automata, Definition, Model, acceptance of CFL, Equivalence of CFL and PDA , Interconversion, enumeration of properties of CFL. (proofs omitted).

UNIT-IV:
Turing Machine, Definition, Model, Design of TM, Computable functions, Recursive ensumerable language, Church’s hypothesis, Counter machine, Types of TM’s (Proofs not required). Chomsky hierarchy of languages, Linear bounded automata and context sensitive language, Introduction of DCFL and DPDA, LR(0), grammar, Desidability of problems.

UNIT-V:
Undecidability: Properties of recursive & non-recursive ensumarable languages, Universal Turing Machine, Post-correspondence problem, Introduction to recursive function theory.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation by Hopcraft H. E. & Ulman J.
2. An Introduction to formal Languages and Automata by Peter Linz (Chapter 1 to 12 except 6.3 and 7.4)

REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to Languages and the Theory of Automata by John C. Martin
2. Elements of Theory of Computation by Lewis H. P. and Papadimiton C. H.
3. Theory of Computation by Mishra and Chandrashekharan

4IT27 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ORGANIZATION

UNIT-I:
Basic Structure of Computer Hardware & Software: Functional unit, Basic operational concepts, Bus structures, Software performance, Distributed computing Addressing Methods & Machine Program sequencing: Memory locations, Addresses & encoding of information, Main memory operations, Instructions
& instruction sequencing, Addressing modes, Assembly language, Basic input-output operations, Stacks, Subroutines.

UNIT-II:
The 68000 example: Registers & addressing Instructions, Assembly language. Program flow control, Sorting example, Logic instructions, Program controlled I/O, Subroutines. Power PC examples: Basic power PC organization, Load and storing instruction, Arithmetic and logical instructions, flow control instruction, Compare instructions Subroutines.

UNIT-III:
The Processing Unit: Some fundamentals concepts, Execution of complete instruction, Hardware control, Performance considerations, Microprogrammed control Input-Output Organization: Accessing I/O devices, Interrupts, DMA.

UNIT-IV:
Arithmetic: Number representations, Addition of positive numbers, Logic design of fast adders, Addition & subtraction, Arithmetic & branching conditions, Multiplication of positive numbers, Signed operand multiplication, Fast multiplication, Fast multiplication, Integer division.

UNIT-V:
The Main Memory: Some basic concepts, Semiconductors RAM memories, Memory system consideration, Semiconductor ROM memories, Multiple-module memories and interleaving, Cache memories, Virtual memories, Memory management requirements Pipelining: Basic concepts, Instruction queue, Branching, Data Dependency, Influence of pipelining on instruction set design, Multiple execution units, Performance considerations, Examples of CISC, RISC & stack processors.

TEXT BOOKS:
Computer Organization by V. C. Hamacher, Z. G. Vranesic and S. G. Zaky.
Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill Publ.

REFERENCES:
Computer Organization & Architecture by William Stalling.
Computer Architecture & Organization by J. P. Hayes, Third Ed., McGraw Hill Publ.

4IT28 COMPUTER WORKSHOP-II

1. Introduction to Networking accessories.
2. Introduction to UNIX Operating System.
3. Introduction to MS-WORD & POWER-POINT.
4. Familiarity with Internet and World Wide Web.

UNIT:
Meaning, Nature and Scope of managerial economics. Concepts used in managerial economics such as incremental concepts, Tinen perspective Discounting for time, Opportunity cost equimarginlism. Law of diminishing marginal utility,’ Methodology of managerial economics, Simulation.

UNIT-II:
Demand Analysis : Types of demand, Consumers and producers, Goods perishable and durable goods, Determinants of demand, determinants of demand, price, income and cross elasticity of demand, Methods of demands forecasting. ..

UNIT-III :
Theory of production, Production function, Firm and industry, Laws of returns, Input output analysis, Break even analysis, Cost concepts, Fix va6able average marginal and total cost, depreciation cost.

UNIT-IV:
New economic policy liberalization, Globalization with respect to current Indian economic scenario, International trade balance of trade and payments. Price and Output determination under perfect competition, monopoly monopolistic competition, Oligopoly, Pricing strategies adopted by the Indian and foreign companies,

UNIT-V:
Accounting : Evolution of accounting, definition of accounting and Accounting as an information system, Users of accounting information, managerial accounting, Accounting principles, book keeping, Financial and

TEXT BOOKS:
I. Managerial Economics by O.P, Chopre
2. Managerial Economics by G.S, Gupta
3, Managerial Economics by D.N. Dwivedi.

REFERENCES:
l. Managerial Economics by P.N. Reddy’
2. Managerial Accounting by S.P, Gupta .
3. Managerial Economics by K. C. Shankarnarayan

3IT 15 APPLIED MATHEMATICS

UNIT-1:
Integral Transforms: Fourier Integral Theorem, Fourier And Laplace Transforms And Their Simple Properties, Simple Application Of Laplace Transforms To Solve Ordinary Differential Equations Including Simultaneous Equations, Solution Of One Dimensional Diffusion And Wave Equation By Transform Method

UNIT-2:
Z-Transform Definition And Properties, Inversion, Relation With Laplace Transform, Application Of Z-Transform To Solve Difference Equations With Constant Coefficient.

UNIT-3
Matrices: Inverse Of Matrix By Adjoing Method And Its Use In Solving Simultaneous Equations, Rank Of Matrix, Consistency Of A System Of Equation, Eigen Values, Eigen Vector, Reduction Of A Diagonal Form, Statement And Verification Of Cauchy-Hamilton Theorem, Determination Of Roots Of Algebraic Equation By Matrix Method, Sylvester’s Theorem, Association Of Matrices With Linear Differential Equation Of Second Order With A Constant Coefficient.

UNIT-4:
Theory Of Probability: Axioms And Models, Conditional Probability, Baye’s Rule Examples, Random Variables –Simple Examples, Discrete And Continuous Random Variables, Jointly Distributed Random Variables.

UNIT-5 :
Distribution Of Random Variables – Examples Expectation –Moments, Conditional Distribution And Conditional Expectations, Stochastic Process –Bernoulli And Poisson Process

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Mathematics For Engineers By Chandrika Prasad.
2. Advanced Mathematics For Engineers By Chandrika Prasad.
3. Matrix Methods For Engineering By L.A.Pipes.
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics By B.S.Grewal
5. Probability, Statistics With Reliability, Queuing And Computer Science Application
By K.S.Trivedi

REFERENCES:
1. Applied Mathematics For Engineers and physics by L.A.Pipes & harvile
2. Probability theory by Spiegel Murray, schaum series
3. Probability and Statistics for Engineers 4th Ed, by Miller, freund and Johnson

3IT17 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

UNIT-I:
Theory Of PN Junction Diode, Junction Capacitance, Breakdown Zener Diodes, Varactor Diodes, Tunnel Diode, Power Supplies: Half Wave And Full Wave Diodes, Voltage Doublers, Filter Types L & Pi, Regulation, Ripple Factors, Voltage Stabilizers.

UNIT-II:
Junction Transistor: Theory Of Operation, Static Characteristics, Breakdown Voltages, Current, and Voltage & Power Limitations.

UNIT-III:
Biasing Arrangements, Voltage Gain, Current Gain, Input And Output Impedance For CS, CE, And, CD, Fet Amplifiers, Brief Discussion About UJT & SCR Application.

UNIT-IV:
Biasing of BJT: Different Biasing Arrangements And Stability Factors, Thermal Runway In Power Transistors, Voltage, Current, Power Gain, Input And Output Impedances In CE, CE, & CC Amplifiers And Comparison.

UNIT-V:
Feedback amplifier, oscillators using BJT Barkhausen’s Criterion ,RC phase shift ,Wein Bridge ,LC oscillators, crystal oscillators, frequency stability Power amplifier: classification, A,B ,and C classes ,efficiency Pushpull class: A ,B, all complimentary symmetric ,distortions and its calculations. PRACTICALS based on above syllabus .

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Integrated Electronics By Millman & Halkias .
2. Electronic Devices & Circuits By Millman & Halkias .
3. Electronic Circuits –Discrete And Integrated By Schilling Belov .
4. Micro Electronics By Millman And Grabel.

3IT16 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE –’C’

UNIT-1 :
Algorithm ,flowchart ,program development steps ,basic structures of C language ,C tokens ,data types declaration of variables ,assigning values ,arithmetic ,relational and logical operators ,increment and decrement operators ,control operators, expression ,I/O operations ,IF and SWITCH statements ,WHILE ,DO-WHILE and FOR statements ,programming examples.

UNIT-II :
One and two dimensional arrays ,initialization ,string variables , declaration ,reading ,writing ,string handling functions , user defined function variables and storage classes ,recursion ,preprocessor ,structure definition , initialized ,assigning values, passing of structure as arguments, unions, programming examples .

UNIT-III :
Declaration And Initializing Pointers ,Pointer Based Expressions, Arrays ,Strings ,Function And Structures ,C Program Examples ,File Management In C ,Opening And Closing ,I/O Operations On Files , Programming Examples.

UNIT-IV :
Enumerated Data Types ,Renaming Data Types With Typedef(),Type Casting ,Bit-Wise Operators And Bit Manipulation ,Pointer To Pointer To Pointer. Pointers To Functions. Functions Returning Pointers Functions With Variable Number Of Arguments, Dynamic Memory Allocation. Programming Examples.

UNlT-V:
Drawing lines. circle. rectangle. ellipse. arc using standard library function. line drawing using DDA algorithm, Displaying text in various styles and fonts. drawing and filling shapes. pa1lets and colors. . Programming Examples.
PRACTICALS based on above syllabus

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Programming In ANSI C By Balguruswamy
2. The C . Programming By Kernighan And
3. LET US C By Y.C Kanetkar

3IT 18 ELECTRICAL SCIENCE

UNIT I-:
Network theorems : Superposition, Reciprocity Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power transfer for AC circuits, .Two port networks parameters and interconnections.

UNIT-II :
Nodal and Mesh analysis, Source transformation ,,Duality.

UNIT-III:
Measurement of Inductance, Resistance and Capacitance, Measurement of low, medium and high resistance, Elimentary methods of measurements of inductance and capacitance, Generalized theory of AC. bridges, Their uses for measurement of’ inductance and capacitance.

UNIT-IV:
Measuring Instruments: Classification, Absolute and Secondary instruments, Electronics instruments (VTVM, CRG, DVM. etc.), Synchroscope.

UNIT-V:
Generalized principles of operation of alternators and synchronous motors, Stepper motor.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electrical Technology by B.L. Theraja
2. Electrical & Electronics Measurement & Instrumentation by A. K. Sawhney
3. Control System Engineering by 1.1. Nagarath and M.Gopal.

3IT 19 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND UESIGN

UNIT-I:
Analog Vs. Digital Systems, Transistor as a switch,:Boolean Algebra, Boolean identities, Logic problems,.Binary, gray ,Qctal , Hex and ASCII codes, Gates and .their truth tables, DeMorgan’s ‘Law, Sum of products & Product of sums. Combinational Logic: Concepts, SSI, MSI & VLSI .circuit’ classification, Standard TTL, CMOS characteristics, Karnaugh map, Simplification of sum of products and product of sum, Solution to problems using K-maps.

UNIT-II:
Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Code converters, Characteristics of display devices, Standard configuration of gates as SSI/MSI/LSI circuits, Conversion of decoders/MUX into one another, Use of MUX as a function generator.

UNIT-III:
Introduction to flip-flop, Latches, Concept of clock, Memory organis~1tion with flip-flop as basic cell,RAM, ROM, EPROM and EEPROM – an overview, Master slave combination and conversion of one type to another type flip-flops .

UNIT-IV:
Excitation tables and introduction to sequential circuits. Counterssynchronous/ asynchronous, Different modulo counters with reset/clear facility, Design of counters of arbitrary modulo with K-maps, Lock free counter.

UNIT-V:
Arithmetic circuits – Adders, Subtractors (Half and Full),” BCD adder/subtractor Concept of ALU and its design, Integrated circuit versions of multivibrators and their design parameters.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Digital Design by M.M.Mano
2. Digital Electronics Principles by Malvino
3. Digital Integrated Electronics by Herbert. Taub
4. Digital Circuit and Microprocessor by Herbe.rt Taub 5. Introduction to Digital System by Ralmer’
5. Digital Electronics by Ryan

3IT 21 COMPUTER WORKSHOP-I

1. Introduction To PC Hardware.
2. Working Under DOS Operating Environment.
3. Working Under WINDOWS Operating Environment.
4. Multimedia ,IT In Business.

UNIT – 1
Mathematical foundations, summation of arithmetic and geometric series, n, n2 , bounding summations using integration, recurrence relations, solutions of recurrence relations using technique of characteristic equation and generating functions, Complexity calculation of various standard functions, principles of designing algorithms

UNIT – 2
Asymptotic notations of analysis of algorithms, analyzing control structures, worst case and average case analysis, amortised analysis, application of amoterized analysis, Sorting networks, comparison networks, biotonic sorting network, advanced data structures like Fibonacci heap, disjoint set representation, red and black trees and their applications.

UNIT – 3
Divide and conquer basic strategy, binary search, quick sort, merge sort, matrix operations, Greedy method – basic strategy, application to job sequencing with deadlines problem, minimum cost spanning trees, single source shortest path
etc.

UNIT – 4
Dynamic Programming basic strategy, multistage graphs, all pairs shortest path, single source shortest paths, optimal binary search trees, traveling salesman problem, Maximum flow networks.

UNIT 5
Basic Traversal and Search Techniques, breadth first search and depth first search, connected components. Backtracking basic strategy, 8-Queen’s problem, graph colouring, Hamiltonian cycles etc, Approximation algorithm and concepts based on approximation algorithms.

UNIT 6
NP-hard and NP-complete problems, basic concepts, non-deterministic algorithms, NP-hard and NP-complete, decision and optimization problems, graph based problems on NP Principle, Computational Geometry, Approximation algorithm.

Text Books:
· Thomas H. Cormen et.al. “Introduction to Algorithms”, Prentice Hall of India.
· Design & Analysis of Computer Algorithms by Aho, Pearson education. Horowitz, Sahani, Rajsekharam,
· “Computer Algorithms”, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd. Brassard, Bratley, “Fundamentals of Algorithms”, Prentice Hall

Reference Books:
· Computer Algorithms: Introduction to Design and analysis, 3rd Edition, By Sara Baase & A. V. Gelder Pearson Education.

66CS2: Database Management Systems

UNIT-I
Database system concepts and Architecture – concept of relational database, Relational data model, Relational algebra, SQL-the relational database standard, introduction to PL/SQL

UNIT-II
Database design theory – Functional dependencies and normalization, relational database design algorithms, practical database design and demoralization, Relational constants, programmatic ways for implementing constraints, triggers..

UNIT-III
Physical database design – Concept of physical and logical hierarchy, storage structures like cluster, index organized table, partitions, various table storage parameters and block storage parameters, concept of index, B-trees, hash index, function index, bitmap index.

UNIT-IV
Process and memory management in database: Various types of tasks in database, database buffer management, log buffer management code reuse, concept of two tier and N-tier architecture, data dictionary and catalog information database
recovery technique. Aries Algorithm for recovery.

UNIT-V
Query optimization and performance tuning – Various techniques for query optimization, strong and weak equivalence, cost base optimization, Use of different storage structures in query optimization.

UNIT-VI
Transaction Processing -Transaction and system concepts, Desirable properties of transaction, Schedules and recoverability, serializability of schedules, concurrency control, lockbase protocols and time stamp based protocols, read
consistency.

BOOKS:
· Fundamentals of Database Systems – Elmasiri ,Navathe & Gupta, Pearson Education.
· Database Systems by S. K. Singh, Pearson Education.
· Principles of Database Systems – Ullman, Golgotia Publications 1998.

Reference Books
· Database System Concepts by Henry Korth and Others
· Database Systems by Connolly,3rd edition, Pearson Education.

66CS3: Computer Networks

Unit I :
Uses of Computer Networks, Network Hardware:- LAN,WAN,MAN, Network Software-protocol hierarchies, design issues for layers, connection oriented and connection less services, service primitives, Services to protocol relationship.
Reference models- OSI and TCP/IP. Performance: Bandwidth and Latency, Delay X Bandwidth Product, High Speed Networks, Application Performance Needs.

Unit II :
Switching and MAC Layer: Packet Switching, Circuit Switching: Multiplexing: TDM FDM. Multiple Access: Random Access, Controlled Access, Channelization, LAN: Token Ring, FDDI, Ethernet- Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Wireless LANs: IEEE 802.11.

Unit III :
Data Link Layer: Error Detection and Correction, Flow Control protocols, Error control protocols, HDLC, PPP.

Unit IV:
Network Layer: Routing Algorithms –Shortest path Algorithm, Flooding, Flow based routing, Distance vector routing, Link state routing, Hierarchical routing.
Congestion Control Algorithms: Leaky bucket algorithm, Token bucket algorithm. Congestion prevention Policies, Traffic shaping, Choke packets, Load Shedding, Jitter Control.

Unit V:
Transport Layer: The transport Service: Service Provided to upper layers, Transport Service primitives, Berkeley sockets, Elements of Transport protocols: Addressing, Connection establishment, Connection release, Flow control and buffering, Multiplexing, Crash recovery, Introduction to Internet Transport Protocols: Introduction to UDP, Remote procedure call, Introduction to TCP, Performance issues: Performance problems in Computer Network, Network performance measurement, System design for better performance, Fast TPDU processing., Protocols for Gigabit Networks.

Unit VI:
· Wide Area Networks: Packet switching principles, X.25, ATM and frame relay: ATM protocol Architecture, Cells, Cell format, Segmentation and reassembly in ATM, ATM adaptation Layer ¾, ATM adaptation Layer5;
· Introduction to Frame relay and frame relay protocol architecture.

Text Book:
· Computer Networks: 4th ed by Andrew. S. Tanenbaum, Pearson Education.
· Data Communications and Networks: 4thed by Behrouz A. Forouzan. Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
· Computer Networks: A systems approach by Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, 3rd Edition, Morgan
Kaufmann Publishers.
· Data & Computer Communications: William Stallings, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education Asia.

Reference Book:
· Communication Networks: By Alberto Leon-Garcia & Indra Widjaja, 2nd Edition , McGraw Hill.

66CS4: Microprocessor & Interfacing
UNIT –I :
8085 based Microprocessor organization, 8085 Instruction set , Assembly language programming.

UNIT-II:
Memory & I/O organization, Address decoding, , Interrupts of 8085 , Basic timing diagram of 8085.

UNIT-III:
8085 Interfacing with 8255, Simple keyboard matrix interfacing with 8085, Interfacing of 7 segment LED with 8085, Introduction to DMA using HOLD/HLDA Signals.

UNIT-IV:
8279 keyboard/display controller, Interfacing of Stepper motor with 8085.

UNIT-V:
8051 architecture, code/data memory interfacing, I/o interfacing, Address decoding logic, Interrupts.

UNIT-IV:
Serial data communication, UART operation, 8051 Instruction set, assembly language programming.

TEXT BOOKS:
· Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085/8080 A by R.S. Gaonkar, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
· The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems. By Mazidi & Mazidi, Pearson Education
· The 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, programming & applications, second edition by K.J.Ayala, Penram
International.
· Microcontrollers: Architecture, Programming, Interfacing & System design by Rajkamal, Pearson Education.
· The 8 bit microprocessor & Microcontroller by V.J. Vibhute.

66CS5: Software Engineering and Project Management

Unit 1
Software Engineeringan: Introduction Introduction to Software Engineering, Software Myths, Software Engineering-A Layered Technology, Software Process Framework, Software Process Models, The Waterfall Model, Incremental Process Models, Evolutionary Process Models, Specialized Process Models, The Unified Process Model, Agile Process Models.

Unit 2
Software Engineering Practice: An overview, Communication Practices, Planning Practices, Modeling Practices, Construction Practice & Deployment, System Engineering Hierarchy, Business Process Engineering, Product Engineering, System
Modeling, Requirements Engineering.

Unit 3:
Software Engineering Analysis & Design An overview, Requirements Analysis, Analysis Modeling Approaches, Data Modeling, Object-Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow- Oriented Modeling, Class-based Modeling, Behavioral Model.
Design Engineering Concepts, Design Model, Pattern-Based Software Design.

Unit 4
Testing Strategies and Tactics An overview, Unit Testing, Integration Testing, Validation Testing, System Testing, Debugging. Software Testing Fundamentals, Black-Box Testing, White-Box Testing.

Unit 5
Product Metrics :An overview, Software Quality, A Framework for Product Metrics, Metrics for Analysis & Design Models, Metrics for Source Code, Metrics for Testing & Maintenance.

Unit 6
Software Project Management: An overview, Software Measurements, Metrics for Software Quality, Software Project Estimation Techniques, Project Scheduling, Risk Management, Quality Management, Change Management, Software Reengineering.

Text Book:
· Software Engineering- A Practitioner’s Approach (Sixth Edition)- Roger Pressman (TMH)

Reference Books:
· Software Engineering (Seventh Edition)- Ian Summerville, Pearson Education.
· Softeare Engineering Theory and Practice by Pfleeger, Pearson Education.
· Software Engineering- Schaum’s Series (TMH)